Shen Shixing

TimelineCBDB

1. 1578 東閣大學士 萬曆
2. 1583 内閣大學士 萬曆

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 休休居士 室名、別號
• 徐時行 别名、曾用名
• 文定 諡號
• 汝默 字
• 瑤泉 室名、別號
• 蘇菴主人 室名、別號

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Shen Shixing was a Ming official who lived from 1535 to 1614 and served as chief grand secretary.
   • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The original values confirm the English name, life dates, Ming affiliation, and grand-secretary office.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts give the life dates and describe his service as chief grand secretary.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority entry confirms the name, date ranges, and succession to the chief grand secretaryship.
   • WikidataShen Shixing (Q15914767)The entity is identified in English as Shen Shixing and described as a Ming person who lived from 1535 to 1614.
2. [2] Names and native place His courtesy name was Rumo, his studio name Yaoquan, and his late sobriquets are given as Xiulin Jushi and Xiuxiu Jushi; Wu County and Changzhou are both given as his native place, with Changzhou identified as part of present-day Suzhou.
   • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The original values provide the romanized forms of Rumo, Yaoquan, and Xiuxiu Jushi, together with Wu County and Changzhou as native-place entries.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts give the courtesy name, Yaoquan, both late-sobriquet forms, and the Wu County and Changzhou affiliations.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority entry supplies Rumo, Yaoquan, Xiuxiu Jushi, and Wu County.
   • WikidataShen Shixing (Q15914767)The name entries also contain Xiuxiu Jushi, Rumo, and Yaoquan.
3. [3] Additional names He was also known as Xu Shixing and Su’an zhuren.
   • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The original name values classify Xu Shixing as a former name and Su’an zhuren as a sobriquet.
   • WikidataShen Shixing (Q15914767)The English name entries include Xu Shixing and Su’an zhuren.
4. [4] Posthumous name and reputation He received the posthumous name Wending and was known as the Taiping Chancellor.
   • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The original value identifies Wending as his posthumous name.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts confirm Wending and the Taiping Chancellor sobriquet.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms the posthumous name Wending.
   • WikidataShen Shixing (Q15914767)The English alias entries include Wending.
5. [5] Merchant family He was born into a wealthy Shen merchant family.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text identifies his father as the wealthy merchant Shen Shizhang.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note calls him the son of a wealthy merchant of the Shen surname.
6. [6] Father His father was Shen Shizhang.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text names his father as Shen Shizhang.
7. [7] Grandfather and childhood surname His grandfather’s name is given as Shen Qian or Xu Qian; he was adopted into his maternal uncle’s Xu family, used the surname Xu in childhood, and later returned to the Shen lineage.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text gives Shen Qian as the grandfather and explains the childhood adoption, temporary Xu surname, and return to the Shen lineage.
   • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The kinship value names Xu Qian as the grandfather, preserving the alternate form of the name.
8. [8] Examinations He placed third in the 1561 Yingtian Prefecture examination, ranked twenty-eighth in the 1562 metropolitan examination, came first in the palace examination, received a Hanlin appointment, and returned to the Shen lineage.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text gives the 1561 provincial-examination rank, the 1562 metropolitan-examination rank, first place at the palace examination, the compiler appointment, and the return to the Shen surname.
   • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The examination and office values confirm his jinshi and juren status and his appointment as compiler.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms the 1562 top examination result and the compiler appointment.
9. [9] Early offices His early offices included the Hanlin compiler post, zuo shuzi, direction of Hanlin affairs, Palace Secretariat posts, a personnel vice-ministry, a provincial deputy examinership, and the chief investiture mission for an imperial consort.
   • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts confirm the compiler appointment, zuo shuzi, and direction of Hanlin affairs.
   • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The office values list the compiler, Left Vice Minister of Personnel, provincial deputy examiner, Palace Secretariat offices, and chief investiture envoy.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms the compiler appointment and the subsequent official career.
10. [10] Entry into the Grand Secretariat In 1578 he entered policy deliberations as Vice Minister of Personnel concurrently serving as an East Pavilion grand secretary, and in 1583 he became a grand secretary.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts place his East Pavilion appointment and entry into policy deliberations in Wanli 6.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The office values date the East Pavilion grand-secretary appointment to 1578 and the grand-secretary appointment to 1583.
11. [11] Later offices and hall-name variant He later held several vice-ministerial and ministerial posts and reached the grand-secretary rank of Zhongji Hall, which is also rendered Jianji Hall.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts list the Rites and Personnel offices, the East Pavilion concurrent appointment, and Grand Secretary of Zhongji Hall.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note lists the same major offices but gives the final hall as Jianji, preserving the variant.
12. [12] Zhang Juzheng’s patronage Zhang Juzheng noticed Shen Shixing for his writing, while Shen was regarded as mild and unwilling to challenge established positions.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text directly links Zhang Juzheng’s favor to his writing and describes his temperament as mild and non-confrontational.
13. [13] Succession to the chief grand secretaryship After Zhang Juzheng’s death, Zhang Siwei became chief grand secretary; after Siwei’s mourning and death, Shen Shixing first acted in the office and then formally succeeded him.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts provide the sequence from Zhang Juzheng’s death through Zhang Siwei’s mourning and death to Shen Shixing’s acting and formal succession.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms that Shen Shixing succeeded Zhang Siwei as chief grand secretary.
14. [14] Lenient administration As chief grand secretary, he pursued leniency, abolished Zhang Juzheng’s performance-assessment system, and was connected with the demotion and later partial promotion of Li Sancai and others.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text describes his lenient policy, abolition of the performance-assessment system, and the subsequent demotion and promotion of Li Sancai and others.
15. [15] Political reputation His lenient administration brought him the reputations of elder and Taiping Chancellor, while his deference to the emperor and lack of major achievement drew criticism and a view of him as equivocal.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts present both the praise of elder and Taiping Chancellor and the criticism of deference, limited achievement, and equivocation.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms the lenient administration, elder reputation, and criticism that he achieved little.
16. [16] Succession dispute He urged the Wanli Emperor to designate a crown prince, regarded denunciations of Consort Zheng as agitating, and tried to mediate between the emperor and remonstrance officials.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts describe his advocacy of a crown prince, his response to criticism of Consort Zheng, and his attempt to mediate the succession dispute.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms his attempt to mediate the succession question.
17. [17] Resignation and retirement In 1591, remonstrance officials impeached him over the succession question, after which he resigned and retired in Suzhou.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text places the impeachment, resignation, and retirement in Suzhou in 1591.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms the 1591 impeachment and retirement in Suzhou.
18. [18] Death He died in 1614.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The original value gives his death year as 1614.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts place his death in Wanli 42, or 1614.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority date range confirms a death year of 1614.
    • WikidataShen Shixing (Q15914767)The English entity description also gives the 1535–1614 lifespan.
19. [19] Posthumous honors and burial After his death, he was granted the title Grand Preceptor, posthumously named Wending, and buried south of Mount Wu.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts confirm the posthumous title Grand Preceptor, the name Wending, and burial south of Mount Wu.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note confirms the posthumous name Wending.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The original name value identifies Wending as the posthumous name.
20. [20] Institutional practices During his chief grand secretaryship, he initiated retaining memorials without action and replacing palace lectures with presented lecture notes; the stated purpose and later consequences concerned Luo Yuren, Wanli indolence, and communication between emperor and ministers.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text gives the two practices, their stated purpose for Luo Yuren and the Wanli Emperor, and the claimed effects on Wanli governance and communication with ministers.
21. [21] Literary reputation His literary style was graceful and polished and was judged unequalled at court.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical text calls his literary style graceful and says that no one at court could equal him.
22. [22] Works His works include 賜閒堂集, 綸扉簡牘, and 羣書纂粹 in an eight-volume form.
    • Souyun申時行 (51224)The biographical texts list 賜閒堂集 among his works.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database申時行 (A008121)The authority note also lists 賜閒堂集.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The authorship values list 綸扉簡牘 and the eight-volume 羣書纂粹.
23. [23] Nephews His relatives included the nephews Shen Yongming and Shen Shiqian, the latter dying in 1569.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The kinship values identify Shen Yongming and Shen Shiqian as nephews and give Shen Shiqian’s death year as 1569.
24. [24] Sons His sons were Shen Yinrong, Shen Yongmao, Shen Yongjia, and Shen Zhaoqiu; Shen Yongmao lived from 1560 to 1638.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The kinship values list the four sons and give Shen Yongmao’s birth and death years as 1560 and 1638.
25. [25] Grandchildren His grandchildren included Shen Shaofang, Shen Tingfang, Shen Chengding, Shen Lianbi, and his granddaughter Shen Hui; dates are supplied for Shen Shaofang and Shen Hui.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The kinship values list the four grandsons, granddaughter Shen Hui, and the 1591–1653 and 1644–1691 dates.
26. [26] Associates and political conflict Wang Xijue was his examination-year friend; he recommended Zhang Wei to office, while Li Guan later listed ten charges against him and implicated Wang Xijue.
    • CBDBShen Shixing (123973)The association values identify Wang Xijue as an examination-year friend, record the recommendation of Zhang Wei, and preserve Li Guan’s ten-charge accusation involving Wang Xijue.