Liu Zongyuan

TimelineCBDB

1. 803 監察御史裏行 貞元
2. 805 司馬 永貞
3. 805 州刺史 永貞
4. 805 禮部員外郎 貞元
5. 815 州刺史 元和

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 子厚 字
• 柳八 行第
• 柳柳州 封爵
• 柳河東 未詳

StatusCBDB

• 書法家
• 詩人
• 文人
• [為官者：文]

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Liu Zongyuan lived from 773 to 819 and was a Tang-dynasty writer, thinker, and poet.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)These values provide his name, dates, Tang affiliation, and identities as a poet and man of letters.
   • WikidataLiu Zongyuan (Q337773)The entry gives the English name, describes him as a Chinese writer, and supplies the 773–819 date range.
   • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entries consistently give 773–819 and identify him as a Tang thinker, writer, and poet.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The authority entry gives his name, Tang affiliation, dates, and identity as a landscape and pastoral poet.
2. [2] Eight Great Prose Masters Liu Zongyuan is counted among the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song.
   • WikidataLiu Zongyuan (Q337773)The description explicitly places him among the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note likewise identifies him as one of the Eight Great Prose Masters.
3. [3] Style name and birth order He was styled Zihou and was eighth in birth order.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The name entries identify Zihou as his style name and Liu Ba as his birth-order designation.
   • WikidataLiu Zongyuan (Q337773)The English alias list preserves Zihou.
   • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entry states that his style name was Zihou and that he was eighth in birth order.
4. [4] Native place and residence His native place was Hedong Jie in present-day western Yongji, Shanxi, and he lived in Chang’an.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The address entry identifies Jie County as his basic native-place address.
   • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entries give Hedong, specify present-day western Yongji, and state that he lived in Chang’an.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The birthplace field gives Hedong as his geographical origin.
5. [5] Birthplace variant Chang’an is also given as his birthplace, alongside the Hedong native-place identification.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)A separate address entry labels Chang’an as the birthplace.
6. [6] Liu Hedong He was known as Liu Hedong.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The alternative-name entry preserves Liu Hedong.
   • WikidataLiu Zongyuan (Q337773)The English alias list includes Liu Hedong.
   • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entries state that he was known as Liu Hedong.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The alias list includes Liu Hedong in Chinese form.
7. [7] Liu Liuzhou Late in life he served as cishi of Liuzhou and was also called Liu Liuzhou.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The alternative-name and office entries provide Liu Liuzhou and his appointment as cishi of Liuzhou in his final years.
   • WikidataLiu Zongyuan (Q337773)The English alias list includes Liu Liuzhou.
   • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entries connect his late Liuzhou appointment with the name Liu Liuzhou.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The alias and biographical note together confirm Liu Liuzhou and the Liuzhou appointment.
8. [8] Examinations and first appointment In 793 he passed the jinshi examination, then passed the boxue hongci examination in the fourteenth year and became zhengzi at the Jixian Hall.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The examination entries list jinshi and boxue hongci, while the office entry gives zhengzi at the Jixian Hall.
   • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographies give the ninth-year jinshi success, the fourteenth-year boxue hongci success, and the Jixian Hall appointment.
9. [9] Secretariat and Lantian posts He later served as a collator in the Secretariat and as magistrate of Lantian.
   • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entry lists the Secretariat collator post followed by the Lantian magistracy.
   • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The office entry confirms the county-magistrate post at Lantian.
10. [10] Investigating censor and colleagues In 803 he became a probationary investigating censor and was a colleague of Han Yu and Liu Yuxi.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The office entry gives the nineteenth year and 803 for the censor post, while the association entries identify Han Yu and Liu Yuxi as colleagues.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biography explicitly joins the nineteenth-year censor appointment with his being in office alongside Han Yu and Liu Yuxi.
11. [11] Yongzhen reform In the first year of Yongzhen, Shunzong elevated Wang Shuwen and others and pursued political reform.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entries describe Shunzong’s accession, the elevation of Wang Shuwen and others, and the political reform of the Yongzhen period.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The office chronology places the related appointment in 805 and the twenty-first year of Zhenyuan, the first year of Yongzhen.
12. [12] Wang Shuwen and Ministry of Rites Zongyuan was a friend of Wang Shuwen and was promoted to yuanwailang in the Ministry of Rites.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The associations identify Wang Shuwen as a friend and political associate, while the office entry gives the Ministry of Rites post in 805.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographies explicitly state that he was friendly with Wang Shuwen and was promoted to the Ministry of Rites post.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note confirms the Ministry of Rites appointment and its connection with the Wang Shuwen affair.
13. [13] Reform group Liu Yuxi and Zongyuan were core members of Wang Shuwen’s reform group.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical entry identifies Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi as core members of Wang Shuwen’s group.
14. [14] Demotion to Yongzhou After Xianzong’s accession, Zongyuan was implicated in Wang Shuwen’s affair and was demoted first to Shaozhou and then to Yongzhou.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The political association places him in Wang Shuwen’s group, and the office entries give the Shaozhou cishi and Yongzhou sima posts.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographies consistently narrate the successive demotions to Shaozhou and Yongzhou after Xianzong’s accession.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note directly connects his demotion to the Wang Shuwen affair and gives the Shaozhou and Yongzhou posts.
15. [15] Return and Liuzhou appointment He was summoned back to Chang’an in the first month of Yuanhe 10 and sent out again in the third month as cishi of Liuzhou.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The address and office entries place the return to Chang’an and the subsequent Liuzhou appointment in the 815–819 period.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical chronology explicitly gives the first-month summons to Chang’an and the third-month Liuzhou appointment in 815.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note lists the transition from Yongzhou sima to Liuzhou cishi.
16. [16] Death at Liuzhou Liu Zongyuan died at Liuzhou in 819.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The main entry gives 819 as the death year and the address entry identifies Liuzhou as the place of death.
    • WikidataLiu Zongyuan (Q337773)The death statement gives the year 819.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographies and transmitted biography state that he died at Liuzhou in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The recorded death interval falls within 819.
17. [17] Age at death The transmitted biography gives his age at death as forty-seven.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The transmitted biography ends by giving his age as forty-seven.
18. [18] Family background He was the son of Liu Zhen, grandson of Liu Chagong, and son-in-law of Yang Ping.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The kinship entries identify his grandfather Liu Chagong, father Liu Zhen, and father-in-law Yang Ping.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biography explicitly calls him the son of Liu Zhen.
19. [19] Wife, daughter, and son His wife Yang died in 799; the daughter appears under two names, and the son Liu Gao died in 869.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The kinship entries give the wife Yang and her 799 death year, two daughter entries named Liu Nü and Liu Fobi with 801–810 dates, and the son Liu Gao with an 869 death year.
20. [20] Liu Yuxi association Zongyuan was close to Liu Yuxi; their official careers and political fortunes were broadly alike, and they were known as Liu-Liu.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The association entries identify Liu Yuxi as a friend, fellow successful candidate, and colleague.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The literary appraisal says that Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi were close, followed broadly similar careers, and were called Liu-Liu.
21. [21] Han-Liu and classical prose Zongyuan and Han Yu promoted the Classical Prose Movement and were known together as Han-Liu.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The biographical and literary entries say that Zongyuan and Han Yu jointly promoted the Classical Prose Movement and were called Han-Liu.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note likewise pairs him with Han Yu as advocates of the Classical Prose Movement and calls them Han-Liu.
22. [22] Writing to illuminate the Way He advocated the principle of writing to illuminate the Way.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note states the principle wen yi ming dao.
23. [23] Prose style His prose was vigorous and sharply wrought.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The literary description characterizes his prose as qiaoba jiaojian, vigorous and sharply wrought.
24. [24] Landscape writing His prose was characterized as雄深雅健, and he was especially skilled in landscape travel writing.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note uses 雄深雅健 and specifically praises his landscape travel writing.
25. [25] Poetry corpus 163 poems survive, most from after his demotions, and he achieved distinction in all poetic forms.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The poetry entry gives the surviving total as 163, says most were written after demotion, and says that all forms show accomplishment.
26. [26] Poetic subjects His poetry treats peasant hardship, political satire, mourning, early Tang resistance to incursions, exile, and displacement.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The poetry entry lists these subjects, including peasant hardship, political satire, mourning, early Tang resistance to incursions, and exile from home.
27. [27] Satirical poems 田家三首 uses plain depiction, while 行路難 and 籠鷹詞 use a fable-like manner to satirize politics.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The poetry entry explains the plain depiction in 田家三首 and the fable-like political satire of 行路難 and 籠鷹詞.
28. [28] Landscape imagery Poems such as 登柳州城樓寄漳汀封連四州 place anger within landscape imagery and have an austere, melancholy style.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The poetry entry uses 登柳州城樓寄漳汀封連四州 as an example of anger expressed through landscape and describes its style as clear, austere, and melancholy.
29. [29] Leisure in exile The poems 漁翁 and 夏晝偶作 portray a more leisured exilic life with a lucid, rounded, and lingering style.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The poetry entry names 漁翁 and 夏晝偶作 as exilic poems of a relatively leisured manner and describes their style.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note also lists 漁翁 among his poems.
30. [30] Prose, fables, and poems His listed prose, fables, and poems include Yongzhou baj i, Fengjian lun, San jie, Pi shuo, Jiang xue, and Yu weng.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note lists these titles and identifies their prose, fable, and poetic genres.
31. [31] Collections His collections include Liu Hedong ji and a thirty-juan Liu Zongyuan ji.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The title entries include Liu Hedong ji and Liu Zongyuan ji.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The literary entries give the thirty-juan Liu Zongyuan ji and the Liu Hedong ji collection.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database柳宗元 (A003970)The biographical note names Liu Hedong ji.
32. [32] Complete Tang Poems The Complete Tang Poems contains four juan of his poetry, and its supplement adds three poems.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The poetry bibliography gives four juan in the Complete Tang Poems and three additional poems in its supplement.
33. [33] Attributed works Ten additional titles are listed as works authored by Liu Zongyuan.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The works entries mark these ten titles with the role of author.
34. [34] Additional titles Other associated titles include the collection title, Yangzi commentary, and Fei Guoyu.
    • CBDBLiu Zongyuan (3605)The title entries also preserve 文集(柳宗元), 注揚子法言, and 非國語 without assigning them a separate role here.
35. [35] Su Shi’s assessment Su Shi praised Liu Zongyuan’s poetry as warm, beautiful, pure, and profound, with an austere exterior and rich inner substance.
    • Souyun柳宗元 (17578)The literary appraisal quotes Su Shi’s phrases 溫麗清深 and 外枯而中膏，似淡而實美 for Liu Zongyuan’s poetry.