Yue Fei

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Born to a farming family, Yue Fei studied diligently in youth, especially the Zuo Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals and the military methods of Sun Wu; he also learned archery from Zhou Tong.[4]

In the Xuanhe era he volunteered for military service; one account places this in the fourth year of Xuanhe (1123). He was promoted to Bingyilang for merit and served under Zong Ze; when Gaozong was still Prince Kang, he went to Xiangzhou and received the rank of Chengxinlang.[5]

After Gaozong’s accession, he lost his office after opposing the southward relocation of the capital and advocating a northern expedition; he then served under Wang Yan, fought Jin forces in the Taihang Mountains, and later joined Zhang Suo, the Hebei military commander, as central army commander.[6]

Yue Fei returned to Zong Ze’s defense of Kaifeng and, after Zong Ze’s death, followed Du Chong south. As a tongzhi, he defeated Jin forces at Changzhou and Zhenjiang in the fourth year of Jianyan, recovered Jiankang, and was promoted to Tongtai zhenfushi while concurrently serving as governor of Taizhou.[7]

Early in Shaoxing, he helped suppress Li Cheng, Cao Cheng, Fan Ruwei, and other forces, was promoted to dutongzhi, and was stationed at Jiujiang; his troops were known for strict discipline and bravery in battle and became known as the Yue Family Army. His offices also included commissions in Jiangxi, Jingnan-E-Yue, and Hubei, as well as the Qingyuan military command, zhaotaoshi, xuanfushi deputy, and xuanfushi; he eventually held the posts of Taiwei and vice commissioner of the Privy Council.[8]

In the fourth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei defeated Jin and the puppet Qi forces, recovered six commanderies including Xiangyang, and successively held the posts of Han-yang military commissioner, Qingyuan military commissioner, and Hubei Jingxiang-Tanzhou military commissioner, while stationed at Ezhou.[9] In the fifth year he suppressed the uprising of Yang Yao, was redesignated commander of the Rear Protector Army, and remained stationed at Wuchang for eight years; in the sixth year he was stationed at Xiangyang, recovered counties southwest of Luoyang, and established contact with the Taihang volunteer forces.[10]

In the tenth year of Shaoxing, he led a northern expedition, recovering Cai, Zheng, and Luoyang, defeating Wuzhu at Yancheng, and advancing to Zhuxianzhen in preparation for crossing the Yellow River.[11] Gaozong and Qin Hui pressed for peace, and in a single day twelve golden tallies ordered him to withdraw, forcing him to return.[12]

In the eleventh year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei was summoned to Lin’an, relieved of his military command, and appointed vice commissioner of the Privy Council; he was soon falsely accused by Moqi Xie and others and imprisoned in the Court of Judicial Review on a charge of treason.[13] Qin Hui regarded him with hostility, and the Jin made Yue Fei’s death a condition of peace; he was killed under the charge called “莫須有,” at the age of thirty-nine, and his place of death is given as Lin’an. The execution order is attributed to Gaozong.[14]

Family

His father was Yue He, his mother Yao, and his younger brother Yue Fan (岳飜); his wife was Li, and his daughter was Yue Yinping.[15]

His five sons were Yue Yun (1119–1141), Yue Lei, Yue Lin, Yue Zhen, and Yue Ting.[16]

His grandsons included Yue Fu and Yue Ke; later descendants included the sixth-generation descendants Yue Jun and Yue Shidi, the seventh-generation descendant Yue Zhongming, the ninth-generation descendant Yue Hong, and the direct descendant Yue Zhen.[17]

Posthumous honors and writings

During Xiaozong’s reign, he was posthumously given the name Wumu, and Ningzong posthumously enfeoffed him as Prince of E; the date of that enfeoffment is variously given as the fourth year of Jiatai (1204) or the fourth year of Jiading (1211), while Lizong later changed his posthumous name to Zhongwu.[18]

His writings were collected as Yue Wumu ji; the collections Yue Ewang wenji and Yue Zhongwu wang ji are also listed, and the transmitted corpus includes thirteen poems and three lyrics.[19]

During a renewed return to Ezhou in the eighth year of Shaoxing, he wrote “Manjianghong: A Feeling on Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower,” expressing the hope of returning to continue his visit to Hanyang and ride a yellow crane. In his commemoration, Yellow Crane Tower Park has erected a pavilion with his posthumous portrait, a bronze statue, a “Serve the Country with Complete Loyalty” archway, and a stone inscription of his hand reading “Restore Our Rivers and Mountains.”[20]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 5 招討使 紹興
  2. 1129 統制 建炎
  3. 1129 統制 建炎
  4. 1130 某州團練使
  5. 1130 武功大夫
  6. 1130 知某州軍州事
  7. 1132 安撫使 紹興
  8. 1132 知某州軍州事
  9. 1132 都統制 紹興
  10. 1133 制置使 紹興
  11. 1134 制置使 紹興
  12. 1135 制置使 紹興
  13. 1136 宣撫副使 紹興
  14. 1137 宣撫使 紹興
  15. 1141 同知樞密院事

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
招討使5紹興鄂州
統制1129建炎開封
統制1129建炎建康府
某州團練使1130Era unknown
武功大夫1130Era unknown
知某州軍州事11301130Era unknown泰州
安撫使1132紹興
知某州軍州事11321132Era unknown潭州
都統制1132紹興
制置使1133紹興江州
制置使1134紹興
制置使1135紹興鄂州
宣撫副使1136紹興襄陽府
宣撫使1137紹興
同知樞密院事11411141Era unknown宋朝
Year unknown15
OfficeEraPosting
內藏庫Era unknownUnknown
制置使Era unknown襄陽府
右承議郎Era unknownUnknown
太尉Era unknownUnknown
太師Era unknownUnknown
安撫制置使Era unknown襄陽府路
宣撫使Era unknown襄陽府
宣撫處置使Era unknown荊湖路
承宣使Era unknownUnknown
招討使Era unknown襄陽府
招討使Era unknownUnknown
樞密副使Era unknownUnknown
磨勘諸路提點刑獄司Era unknownUnknown
萬夀觀使Era unknownUnknown
都統制Era unknown江州

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父岳和–
母姚氏(岳飛母)–
弟岳飜–
妻子李氏(岳飛妻)–
女兒岳銀瓶–
長子; 第一子岳雲1119–1141
次子岳雷–
三子岳霖–
四子岳震–
五子岳霆–
孫岳甫–
孫岳珂1183–
六世孫;昆孫岳浚–
六世孫;昆孫岳士迪–
七世孫;仍孫岳仲明–
九世孫岳弘–
直系後裔岳珍–

AliasesCBDB

  • 忠武 諡號
  • 武穆 諡號
  • 鵬舉 字

StatusCBDB

  • 孝子/孝女
  • 熟諳兵法韜略、軍事家
  • [武官]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
宗澤恩主是宗澤1141–
貢祖文友1141–
万俟卨被万俟卨彈劾–
郭彌約推薦1141–
張宗本推薦–
范宗尹被范宗尹推薦–
劉浩被劉浩推薦–
黃潛善反對/攻訐–
汪伯彥反對/攻訐–
張浚被張浚欣賞/器重–
王庶被王庶欣賞/器重–
趙鼎被趙鼎欣賞/器重–
滕塛被滕塛欣賞/器重–
周同為周同之學生–
張遹辟1141–
許暘得到許暘的支持–
韓世忠得到韓世忠的支持–
趙粹中得到趙粹中的支持–
趙士褭得到趙士褭的支持1141–
史祺孫得到史祺孫的支持–
何彥猷得到何彥猷的支持–
劉允升得到劉允升的支持–
謝英得到謝英的支持–
岳珂書序由岳珂所作–
陳基書序由陳基所作–
徐階書序由徐階所作–
陶宗儀墓誌銘由陶宗儀所作–
周南書跋由周南所作–
程珌書跋由程珌所作–
虞集書跋由虞集所作–
歐陽守道書跋由歐陽守道所作–
方岳書跋由方岳所作–
宗澤為宗澤之部將–
杜充為杜充之部將–
劉韐為劉韐之部將–
王彥為王彥之部將–
張所為張所之部將–
胡松年部將為胡松年–
孟安部將為孟安1141–
張憲部將為張憲–
羅上行部將為羅上行–
李道部將為李道–
趙不尤部將為趙不尤1141–
牛皋部將為牛皋–
李橫部將為李橫–
胡閎休部將為胡閎休–
徐慶部將為徐慶–
楊再興部將為楊再興–
董先部將為董先–
胡裒幕僚為胡裒–
張節夫幕僚為張節夫–
嚴致堯稱道嚴致堯之節行–
趙九齡相識–
王大節門客為王大節–
陳造傳記作者為陳造–
朱棣傳記作者為朱棣–
岳銀瓶為岳銀瓶作傳–
秦檜反對/不支持秦檜的政策–
趙構反對/不支持趙構的政策–
呂祉其政策被呂祉反對/不支持–
方岳祭文由方岳所作–
徐應鑣祭文由徐應鑣所作–
崔銑世系碑記由崔銑所作–
万俟卨被万俟卨鞫治–
鄭元祐廟碑記由鄭元祐所作–
徐有貞廟碑記由徐有貞所作–
楊廷和廟碑記由楊廷和所作–
趙構根據趙構的命令被處決–
張俊遭張俊攻訐 [併入16]–
岳珂諡議由岳珂所作–
李若虛同僚–
張俊同僚–
劉光世同僚–
李回同僚–
戚方抵禦或討平叛軍戚方–
李成抵禦或討平叛軍李成–
秦檜被秦檜(或追隨者)殺害–
戚方戰勝–
楊再興戰勝–
張用接受張用之納降–
曹彥約畫贊(畫像記)由曹彥約所作–
邵緝被致書由邵緝–
宗澤上司為宗澤–
李道下屬為李道–
胡閎休下屬為胡閎休–
何鑄其冤因何鑄得明–
趙眘其冤因趙眘得明–
万俟卨被万俟卨得罪–
李光某事由李光所乞–
鄭元祐某事由鄭元祐所乞–
徐階祠記由徐階所作–
游中孚軍事支持游中孚–
楊惟忠受楊惟忠之軍事支持–
劉豫軍事對抗劉豫–
完顏宗弼軍事對抗完顏宗弼–
楊么軍事對抗楊么–
鐘相軍事對抗鐘相–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
軍員轉補

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
岳鄂王文集
岳忠武王集

Citations

  1. [1] Name and identity This sentence gives Yue Fei’s name, Song-dynasty affiliation, and identity as a general associated with resistance to the Jin.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The values identify Yue Fei as a Song military figure.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The profile and biographical passages describe him as a Song anti-Jin general.
    • WikidataYue Fei (Q334398)The entity label and descriptions identify him as a Song-dynasty general killed by Gaozong’s decree.
  2. [2] Divergent dates All cited biographical versions give 1103 as the birth year, while the death year appears as either 1141 or 1142.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)These values give 1103 for birth and 1141 for death.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)Several passages give 1103–1142, while another gives 1103–1141, so the English text preserves the discrepancy.
    • WikidataYue Fei (Q334398)The English description gives 1103–1142.
  3. [3] Courtesy name and native place Yue Fei’s courtesy name was Pengju, and his native place was Tangyin in Xiangzhou, now in Henan.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The alternate-name and basic-address values provide Pengju and Xiangzhou.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The profile and biographical passages identify Tangyin in Xiangzhou and locate it in present-day Henan.
  4. [4] Family background and early study Yue Fei came from a farming family, studied diligently, favored the Zuo Commentary and Sun Wu’s military methods, and learned archery from Zhou Tong.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages provide his farming background, early study, and preferred texts.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The association value states that he studied archery under Zhou Tong.
  5. [5] Enlistment and early appointments He volunteered in the Xuanhe period, with one account specifying 1123, was promoted to Bingyilang for merit, served under Zong Ze, and received the rank of Chengxinlang while Gaozong was Prince Kang.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The biographical passages provide the Xuanhe enlistment, the 1123 date, Bingyilang, service under Zong Ze, and Chengxinlang.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The association and entry values supplement the account of enlistment under Zong Ze and military advancement.
  6. [6] The Jianyan transition After Gaozong’s accession, Yue Fei lost office after opposing the southward move and advocating a northern expedition; he then served under Wang Yan and Zhang Suo and became a central army commander.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages describe the loss of office, the differing formulations of his memorial, service under Wang Yan, the Taihang fighting, and service under Zhang Suo.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The associations connect Yue Fei with Du Chong, Wang Yan, and Zhang Suo as military subordinates.
  7. [7] Kaifeng and Jiankang campaigns He defended Kaifeng under Zong Ze, followed Du Chong south after Zong Ze’s death, fought at Changzhou and Zhenjiang, recovered Jiankang, and became Tongtai zhenfushi and governor of Taizhou.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages provide the defense of Kaifeng, the southward movement, the battles, recovery of Jiankang, and the Tongtai and Taizhou appointments.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The office entries list the tongzhi posts and the 1130 Taizhou appointment.
  8. [8] The Yue Family Army and offices In early Shaoxing he fought several forces, rose to dutongzhi, was stationed at Jiujiang, and led troops known for discipline and courage as the Yue Family Army; his later offices included major military commissions and the posts of Taiwei and vice commissioner of the Privy Council.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages provide the campaigns, dutongzhi, Jiujiang stationing, and Yue Family Army; the title list supplies the later military offices and senior posts.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The associations supplement the Li Cheng and Cao Cheng campaigns, while the office entries list dutongzhi, zhaotaoshi, xuanfushi, vice privy commissioner, Taiwei, and deputy xuanfushi.
  9. [9] Xiangyang and the Jinghu command In Shaoxing 4 he defeated Jin and puppet Qi forces, recovered six commanderies including Xiangyang, and held Han-yang, Qingyuan, and Hubei Jingxiang-Tanzhou commissions while stationed at Ezhou.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages give the Shaoxing 4 recovery of Xiangyang and the Han-yang, Qingyuan, Hubei Jingxiang-Tanzhou, and Ezhou appointments.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The office entries list Shaoxing 4–5 military commissions and the Ezhou station.
  10. [10] Yang Yao and the westward advance In Shaoxing 5 he suppressed Yang Yao, became commander of the Rear Protector Army, remained at Wuchang for eight years, and in Shaoxing 6 recovered counties southwest of Luoyang and contacted the Taihang volunteers.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages give the Yang Yao campaign, Rear Protector Army, eight years at Wuchang, and the Shaoxing 6 operations around Xiangyang and Luoyang.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The association and address values supplement the Yang Yao campaign and the Xiangyang activity.
  11. [11] Northern expedition In Shaoxing 10 he recovered Cai, Zheng, and Luoyang, defeated Wuzhu at Yancheng, and advanced to Zhuxianzhen intending to cross the Yellow River.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages provide the recovered territories, Yancheng victory, advance to Zhuxianzhen, and intended crossing.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The military association identifies Wuzhu as an opposing commander.
  12. [12] The twelve golden tallies Gaozong and Qin Hui pressed for peace; twelve golden tallies ordered Yue Fei to withdraw, forcing his return.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages describe the peace policy of Gaozong and Qin Hui and the twelve tallies ordering the withdrawal.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The association text likewise records Qin Hui’s peace policy and the twelve tallies recalling Yue Fei.
  13. [13] Imprisonment In Shaoxing 11 he was summoned to Lin’an, relieved of command, appointed vice commissioner of the Privy Council, and then imprisoned on a treason charge after accusations by Moqi Xie and others.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages provide the summons to Lin’an, loss of command, vice privy appointment, accusation, and imprisonment on a treason charge.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The association text records the vice privy appointment, accusation, arrest, and imprisonment; the office entry lists the post.
  14. [14] Death and execution order Qin Hui opposed Yue Fei, the Jin made his death a condition of peace, and he was killed under the charge called 莫須有 at age thirty-nine; Lin’an is given as the place of death, and the order is attributed to Gaozong.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages provide Qin Hui’s hostility, the Jin peace condition, the 莫須有 charge, the killing, and the age of thirty-nine.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The address value gives Lin’an as the place of death, while the association values supplement the execution and the order attributed to Zhao Gou.
    • WikidataYue Fei (Q334398)The entity descriptions likewise attribute his killing to Gaozong’s decree.
  15. [15] Parents, wife, and daughter The family values identify Yue He and Yao as his parents, Yue Fan as his younger brother, Li as his wife, and Yue Yinping as his daughter.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The kinship values list his father, mother, younger brother, wife, and daughter by relationship and name.
  16. [16] Sons The kinship values list five sons, with Yue Yun dated 1119–1141 and the others named Yue Lei, Yue Lin, Yue Zhen, and Yue Ting.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The kinship values give the order and names of the five sons and Yue Yun’s birth and death years.
  17. [17] Descendants The kinship values identify Yue Fu and Yue Ke as grandsons and list descendants in later generations.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The kinship values list the grandsons and descendants together with their stated generations.
  18. [18] Posthumous titles He received the posthumous name Wumu, was enfeoffed as Prince of E, and later received Zhongwu; the year of enfeoffment is disputed between 1204 and 1211.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passages provide Wumu, Prince of E, Zhongwu, and the two differing enfeoffment years, 1204 and 1211.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The alternate-name values list Zhongwu and Wumu as posthumous names.
    • WikidataYue Fei (Q334398)The alias collection also contains Wumu and Zhongwu.
  19. [19] Collected writings His writings were collected as Yue Wumu ji, with other listed collection titles, and the surviving corpus is described as thirteen poems and three lyrics.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The biographical passages provide Yue Wumu ji, its later compilation, thirteen poems, and three lyrics.
    • CBDBYue Fei (8175)The text entries list Yue Ewang wenji and Yue Zhongwu wang ji.
  20. [20] Yellow Crane Tower poem and memorials In Shaoxing 8 he wrote the Yellow Crane Tower lyric while returning to Ezhou, expressing a wish to revisit Hanyang and ride a yellow crane; Yellow Crane Tower Park later established several memorials.
    • Souyun岳飛 (25061)The passage gives the Shaoxing 8 return to Ezhou, the lyric, its expressed wish, and the memorial structures in Yellow Crane Tower Park.