[4]Native-place variantsThe native place is given as Caozhou Nanhua, Jiyin, or Chang'an, with modern locations supplied for the first two.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries give Caozhou Nanhua, present-day Dongming, and Jiyin, northwest of present-day Dingtao.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The address fields mark Chang'an as the basic native-place address and Nanhua as a former residence.
[5]Early examinations and officesLiu Yan passed the child-prodigy examination at seven, received the Secretariat appointment, passed the Worthy and Upright examination, served at Luoyang, held the Xia and Wen county magistracies, and later became an Investigating Censor.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries give the child-prodigy examination, Secretariat appointment, Worthy and Upright examination, Luoyang, Xia and Wen county offices, and censorial service.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The examination and office fields list the child-prodigy examination, Secretariat Corrector, Xia magistrate, and Investigating Censor.
[6]Directorate of FinanceIn 756 Liu Yan became a Vice Director of the Directorate of Finance and took charge of the Jianghuai tax-and-labor levies.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries date his appointment to the first year of Zhide, 756, and state that he took charge of the Jianghuai levies.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields list the 756 Directorate of Finance appointment and responsibility for the levies.
[7]Provincial governorshipsHis provincial governorships included Yuhang, Qianyang, Huayin, Pengyuan, Tongchuan, Hangzhou, Longzhou, and Huazhou.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries list the Hang, Long, and Hua provincial appointments.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields list the eight provincial locations named in the article.
[8]Shangyuan appointmentsIn 760 Liu Yan became Vice Minister of Revenue and a commissioner for finance, salt, iron, and transport, then served as governor of Henan and Jingzhao and as Director of Finance.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries give the Shangyuan date and the Revenue, finance, salt-and-iron, Henan, Jingzhao, and Directorate of Finance appointments.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields list the Henan and Jingzhao prefectural offices, the salt-and-iron commission, Revenue Vice Minister, and Director of Finance.
[9]Other appointmentsOther appointments included the Pengyuan governorship, Taichangqing, Guozijijiu, Jianghuai Transport Commissioner, and responsibility for levies and circuit revenues.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields list Pengyuan governor, Taichangqing, Guozijijiu, Jianghuai Transport Commissioner, levy administration, and circuit revenues.
[10]Promotion and era variantsIn 763 Liu Yan became Minister of Personnel and concurrent chancellor; the year is expressed as Baoying 2 or Guangde 1.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries give both Guangde 1 and Baoying 2 for this promotion.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields date the Minister of Personnel and concurrent-chancellor appointments to 763.
[11]Financial commissionsLiu Yan held the finance, salt, iron, transport, and labor-levy commissions, then retained them after leaving the chancellorship while serving as Chamberlain for the Heir Apparent and Chief Censor.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries list the finance, salt-and-iron, transport, and labor commissions and the offices held after his removal as chancellor.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields list the salt-and-iron, levy, Chamberlain, Chief Censor, and commission appointments.
[12]Dali financial administrationAt the beginning of Dali, Liu Yan shared the empire's revenues with Diwu Qi and administered state finances for more than two decades; the office record gives his later senior appointments.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries state that he shared the empire's revenues with Diwu Qi, managed finances for over twenty years, and became Left Servant in the thirteenth year of Dali.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields list circuit revenues, Revenue Minister in 766, Personnel Minister in 769, Left Servant in 778, and Director of Finance in 779.
[13]Downfall and deathIn 780 Liu Yan was demoted to Zhongzhou and put to death in the seventh month; one text gives his age as sixty-five.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries give the 780 demotion to Zhongzhou, execution in the seventh month, and the age of sixty-five.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The office fields list the 780 Zhongzhou appointment.
[14]Posthumous honorsIn the fifth year of Zhenyuan, Liu Yan was posthumously appointed governor of Zhengzhou and given the title of Minister of State after the emperor recognized the injustice done to him.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biography states that in the fifth year of Zhenyuan the emperor recognized his injustice, posthumously gave him the Zhengzhou governorship, and added the title of Minister of State.
[15]Canal and grain transportLiu Yan's financial administration included dredging the Bian River, segmented transport, and annual shipment of several hundred thousand shi of grain to Guanzhong.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries describe his financial expertise, dredging of the Bian River, segmented transport, and annual grain shipments to Guanzhong.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The status and office fields identify him as a financial official responsible for circuit revenues.
[16]Salt and fiscal reformsHe reorganized the salt tax, introduced the equalization system, selected capable men, formulated regulations, and was relied upon for military and state expenditure.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The biographical entries describe the salt-tax and equalization reforms, selection of capable men, formulation of regulations, and reliance of military and state expenditure on his administration.
[17]Poetry and workLiu Yan was skilled in prose and poetry; two poems survive, and the title Chunqiu Gongyang Weiyi is also associated with him.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The status fields call him a poet and a literary writer, and the work field lists 春秋公羊違義.
Souyun劉晏 (13216)The literary entries call him a poet and state that two poems survive in the Complete Tang Poems.
[18]FamilyLiu Yan's father was 劉知晦 and elder brother 劉暹; his sons 劉執經 and 劉宗經 died in 811, his son-in-law was 潘炎, and his grandson 潘孟陽 lived from 764 to 815.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The kinship fields list his father, elder brother, two sons who died in 811, son-in-law, and grandson born in 764 and dying in 815.
[19]AssociationsLiu Yan was a friend of 崔造, had a recommending connection with 鄭珣瑜, exchanged poetry or prose with 楊玉環, and received such gifts from seven other poets.
CBDBLiu Yan (11524)The association fields list friendship with 崔造, recommendation involving 鄭珣瑜, poetry or prose involving 楊玉環, and gifts received from the other seven named figures.
CBDB
