Mao Kai

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He was a prefectural school student and a provincial graduate before taking the jinshi degree in the 14th year of the Jiajing reign (1535), in which he ranked 131st in the third class.[4] In 1536 he was appointed a messenger in the Court of Messengers; in 1539 he was promoted to investigating censor; and in 1540, having offended the throne by his remonstrance, he was demoted to judge of Ningguo prefecture.[5] In 1542 he was appointed a secretary in the Nanjing Ministry of Works, rising there to vice-director and then director of the Waterways Bureau.[6]

In 1548 he was transferred to the Ministry of Justice as director of its Sichuan bureau, and in 1549 he was made prefect of Ruizhou.[7] In 1554 he became defence vice-commissioner of Tianjin, in 1556 right counsellor of Shanxi, and in 1558 surveillance commissioner of Henan, afterwards serving as right provincial administration commissioner of Henan; in 1561 he entered the Censorate as right assistant censor-in-chief.[8] In 1562 he was made right vice censor-in-chief and director-general of grain transport, with concurrent command of military affairs and jurisdiction over Fengyang; in the same year he became left vice censor-in-chief, and in 1565 right vice-minister of personnel.[9]

In 1566 he was promoted to left vice-minister of personnel and in the same year appointed minister of rites at Nanjing, then minister of personnel at Nanjing.[10] In 1567 he became minister of justice, holding that office until 1570.[11] He was afterwards dismissed to the ranks and restored at the beginning of the Wanli reign.[12] In 1584 he was granted the title of junior guardian of the heir apparent.[13]

Family

His great-grandfather was Mao Youde, his grandfather Mao Shi'an, his father Mao Benrong, and his mother née Wu; his father's elder brother was Mao Zhen'an.[14] He had three elder brothers, Mao Zili (毛子禮), Mao Ziyi (毛子義) and Mao Zicai (毛子才), and four younger brothers, Mao Zizhi (毛子智), Mao Ziti (毛子悌), Mao Zigong (毛子貢) and Mao Ziyi (毛子儀); he married a member of the Yang family.[15] His remote ancestors were Mao Xiong (毛敻) and Mao Qu (毛璩).[16] He was recorded as the 116th in order of birth within his generation, and was known for his filial piety.[17]

Friends and colleagues

He studied under Zhang Xie.[18] Wang Zongmu, Zhang Han and Xu Pei wrote to him; Zhang Juzheng and Xu Pei sent him replies; Wan Yi presented him with poems and prose; and Wu Chengen offered him congratulations. His conduct record (行狀) was composed by Zhao Tang.[19]

Works

He was the author of a collection of memorials (奏議) in eight juan, a collected works (文集) in four juan, and the Dushu lu chaoshi (讀書錄抄釋) in two juan.[20]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1536 行人司行人 嘉靖
  2. 1539 道監察御史 嘉靖
  3. 1540 推官 嘉靖
  4. 1542 工部營繕司主事 嘉靖
  5. 1543 工部都水司員外 嘉靖
  6. 1544 工部都水司郎中 嘉靖
  7. 1548 刑部四川司郎中 嘉靖
  8. 1549 知府 嘉靖
  9. 1554 兵備副使 嘉靖
  10. 1556 右參政 嘉靖
  11. 1558 按察使 嘉靖
  12. 1561 都察院右僉都御史 嘉靖
  13. 1562 左副都御史 嘉靖
  14. 1565 吏部右侍郎 嘉靖
  15. 1566 吏部尚書 嘉靖
  16. 1566 吏部左侍郎 嘉靖
  17. 1566 禮部尚書 嘉靖
  18. 1567 刑部尚書 隆慶
  19. 1584 太子少保 萬曆
  20. 1561 右布政使 嘉靖
  21. 1562 都察院右副都御史 嘉靖

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
行人司行人15361539嘉靖
道監察御史15391540嘉靖廣西布政司
推官15401542嘉靖寧國府
工部營繕司主事15421543嘉靖南京
工部都水司員外15431544嘉靖
工部都水司郎中1544嘉靖
刑部四川司郎中15481549嘉靖
知府15491551嘉靖瑞州府
兵備副使15541556嘉靖天津兵備道
右參政15561558嘉靖山西布政司
按察使1558嘉靖河南布政司
都察院右僉都御史1561嘉靖
右布政使1561嘉靖河南布政司
左副都御史15621565嘉靖
都察院右副都御史1562嘉靖
吏部右侍郎15651566嘉靖
吏部尚書15661567嘉靖南京
吏部左侍郎1566嘉靖
禮部尚書1566嘉靖南京
刑部尚書15671570隆慶
太子少保1584萬曆
Year unknown7
OfficeEraPosting
吏部尚書嘉靖南京
工部營繕司主事嘉靖南京工部
工部都水司員外嘉靖Unknown
工部都水司郎中嘉靖Unknown
府推官嘉靖寧國府
知府嘉靖瑞州府
總督漕運兼提督軍務巡撫鳳陽等處嘉靖Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
直系祖先毛敻–
直系祖先毛璩–
曾祖毛有德–
祖父毛仕安–
父毛本榮–
母吳氏(毛愷母)–
兄毛子禮–
兄毛子義–
兄毛子才–
弟毛子智–
弟毛子悌–
弟毛子貢–
弟毛子儀–
妻子楊氏(毛愷妻)–
伯;伯父毛鎮安–

AliasesCBDB

  • 一百十六 行第
  • 介川 室名、別號
  • 端簡 諡號
  • 節齋居士 室名、別號
  • 達和 字
  • 遠和 字

StatusCBDB

  • 孝子/孝女

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
張燮為張燮之學生–
吳承恩從吳承恩處收到賀詞 (occasion)–
趙鏜行狀由趙鏜所作–
王宗沐被致書由王宗沐–
張瀚被致書由張瀚–
徐霈被致書由徐霈–
張居正收到張居正的答書–
徐霈收到徐霈的答書–
萬衣收到萬衣的贈詩、文–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第三甲第一百三十一名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
奏議(毛愷):八卷
文集(毛愷):四卷
讀書錄抄釋:二卷

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates and era Mao Kai was a Ming dynasty official from Jiangshan, Zhejiang, born in 1506 and dead in 1570.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the name Mao Kai, a Ming man born in 1506 and dead in 1570.
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures records Mao Kai as a Ming man of Jiangshan, Zhejiang, with dates 1506–1570.
    • WikidataMao Kai (Q30944329)Wikidata gives Mao Kai as his Chinese label, with a birth year of 1506 and a death year of 1570.
  2. [2] Courtesy and style names Mao Kai's courtesy name was Dahe, with Yuanhe recorded as well; his style names were Jiechuan and Jiezhai Jushi.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB gives Dahe as his courtesy name and also lists Yuanhe as a courtesy name, with Jiechuan and Jiezhai Jushi as style names.
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures gives his courtesy name as Dahe and his style names as Jiechuan and, in later life, Jiezhai Jushi.
    • WikidataMao Kai (Q30944329)Wikidata lists both Dahe and Yuanhe as courtesy names and Jiechuan and Jiezhai Jushi as style names.
  3. [3] Degree, highest office and posthumous name Mao Kai took the jinshi degree in 1535, reached the office of minister of justice, and received the posthumous name Duanjian.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records a jinshi examination entry, the office of minister of justice, and the posthumous name Duanjian.
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures records him as a jinshi of the fourteenth year of Jiajing (1535) who rose to minister of justice.
    • WikidataMao Kai (Q30944329)Wikidata records Duanjian as his posthumous name.
  4. [4] Schooling, provincial degree and examination rank Mao Kai was a prefectural school student and a provincial graduate before taking the jinshi degree in 1535, ranking 131st in the third class.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records his schooling as a prefectural school student, his provincial graduate status, and his jinshi rank of 131st in the third class.
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures records him as a jinshi of the fourteenth year of Jiajing.
  5. [5] Messenger, censor and prefectural judge Mao Kai was appointed a messenger in 1536, promoted to investigating censor in 1539, and demoted to judge of Ningguo prefecture in 1540 for offending the throne.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the office of messenger in 1536, the censorate post in 1539, and the judgeship at Ningguo prefecture in 1540.
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures records that he was promoted to censor and, having offended the imperial will, was demoted to judge of Ningguo.
  6. [6] Nanjing Ministry of Works Mao Kai was appointed a secretary in the Nanjing Ministry of Works in 1542 and rose to vice-director and director of its Waterways Bureau.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the post of secretary in the Nanjing Ministry of Works in 1542, followed by the posts of vice-director and director in the Waterways Bureau.
  7. [7] Ministry of Justice bureau and Ruizhou prefecture Mao Kai was transferred to the Ministry of Justice as director of its Sichuan bureau in 1548 and made prefect of Ruizhou in 1549.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the directorship of the Ministry of Justice's Sichuan bureau in 1548 and the prefecture of Ruizhou in 1549.
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures records that he served as prefect of Ruizhou.
  8. [8] Tianjin, Shanxi and Henan posts Mao Kai served at Tianjin, Shanxi and Henan between 1554 and 1561, entering the Censorate as right assistant censor-in-chief.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the posts of defence vice-commissioner at Tianjin in 1554, right counsellor in Shanxi in 1556, surveillance commissioner in Henan in 1558, right provincial administration commissioner in Henan until 1561, and right assistant censor-in-chief in the Censorate from 1561.
  9. [9] Censorate and grain transport Mao Kai held Censorate posts and the grain transport commission in 1562, became left vice censor-in-chief the same year, and was made right vice-minister of personnel in 1565.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the office of right vice censor-in-chief in 1562, the concurrent post of director-general of grain transport with military command and jurisdiction over Fengyang, the change to left vice censor-in-chief in 1562, and the post of right vice-minister of personnel in 1565.
  10. [10] Vice-ministership and Nanjing ministries In 1566 Mao Kai became left vice-minister of personnel and was appointed minister of rites at Nanjing and then minister of personnel at Nanjing.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the posts of left vice-minister of personnel, minister of rites at Nanjing and minister of personnel at Nanjing, all from 1566.
  11. [11] Ministry of Justice Mao Kai became minister of justice in 1567 and held the office until 1570.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the office of minister of justice from the first year of Longqing (1567) to the fourth year (1570).
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures records that he rose to minister of justice.
  12. [12] Dismissal and restoration Mao Kai was afterwards dismissed to the ranks and restored at the beginning of the Wanli reign.
    • Souyun毛愷 (51003)The Chinese Biographical Dictionary of Historical Figures records that he was afterwards dismissed to the ranks and restored at the beginning of the Wanli reign.
  13. [13] Junior guardian of the heir apparent Mao Kai was granted the title of junior guardian of the heir apparent in 1584.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records the title of junior guardian of the heir apparent in the twelfth year of Wanli (1584).
  14. [14] Ancestors Mao Kai's great-grandfather was Mao Youde, his grandfather Mao Shi'an, his father Mao Benrong, his mother née Wu, and his father's elder brother Mao Zhen'an.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records his great-grandfather Mao Youde, grandfather Mao Shi'an, father Mao Benrong, mother née Wu, and father's elder brother Mao Zhen'an.
  15. [15] Brothers and wife Mao Kai had three elder brothers and four younger brothers and married a member of the Yang family.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records his elder brothers Mao Zili, Mao Ziyi and Mao Zicai, his younger brothers Mao Zizhi, Mao Ziti, Mao Zigong and Mao Ziyi, and his wife née Yang.
  16. [16] Remote ancestors Mao Kai's remote ancestors were Mao Xiong and Mao Qu.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB lists Mao Xiong and Mao Qu as his direct ancestors.
  17. [17] Birth order and filial reputation Mao Kai was recorded as the 116th in order of birth within his generation and was known for his filial piety.
  18. [18] Teacher Mao Kai studied under Zhang Xie.
  19. [19] Correspondence and conduct record Wang Zongmu, Zhang Han and Xu Pei wrote to Mao Kai; Zhang Juzheng and Xu Pei sent replies; Wan Yi presented poems and prose; Wu Chengen offered congratulations; and Zhao Tang composed his conduct record.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records letters addressed to Mao Kai by Wang Zongmu, Zhang Han and Xu Pei, reply letters from Zhang Juzheng and Xu Pei, poems and prose presented by Wan Yi, congratulations from Wu Chengen, and a conduct record composed by Zhao Tang.
  20. [20] Works Mao Kai was the author of a memorial collection in eight juan, a collected works in four juan, and the Dushu lu chaoshi in two juan.
    • CBDBMao Kai (69145)CBDB records his writings: a memorial collection in eight juan, a collected works in four juan, and the Dushu lu chaoshi in two juan.