[1]Dates and identityLiu Chun's birth year is given as either 1460 or unknown; the birth dates include 11 December and 1 January, while his death falls in 1521 and is more precisely given as 6 July in one dating. He was a Ming official.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The main record names Liu Chun, gives the death year as 1521, and identifies the dynasty as Ming.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The profile gives birth year 1460, death year 1521, and the Ming dynasty; the two biographical texts preserve both an unspecified birth and the date 11 December 1460, with death on 6 July 1521 in the more precise version.
WikidataLiu Chun (Q10899917)The entity is labelled Liu Chun and described as a politician; its date values are 1 January 1460 for birth and 6 July 1521 for death.
[2]Names and originLiu Chun's courtesy name was Renzhong, his sobriquets were Dongchuan and 樗菴, his posthumous name was Wenjian, and his native place was Baxian in Sichuan.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The name entries identify Renzhong as the courtesy name, Dongchuan and 樗菴 as sobriquets or studio names, Wenjian as the posthumous name, and Baxian as the native place.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The profile gives the courtesy name Renzhong, the sobriquet Dongchuan, and Sichuan Baxian as the hometown; the biographical text gives the posthumous name Wenjian.
WikidataLiu Chun (Q10899917)The entity statements list Renzhong, Wenjian, Dongchuan, and 樗菴 among Liu Chun's names and titles.
[3]Examination careerThe examination evidence preserves two formulations: one calls him the jieyuan of the Chenghua gui-mao examination and the bangyan of the ding-wei examination, while another gives the juren rank as 77 and the jinshi result as first-class second.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The biographical texts give a Chenghua twenty-third-year jinshi degree and, in the more detailed examination formulation, the Chenghua gui-mao jieyuan and ding-wei bangyan results.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The examination entries list a juren rank of 77 and first-class second in the jinshi examination.
[4]Early appointmentsLiu Chun was appointed compiler in 1487, served as a revising official and Hanlin reviser, and supervised palace-examination papers in 1493.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The office entries list the compiler, revising official, Hanlin reviser, and palace-examination paper supervisor appointments with their years.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The biographical text says that he received the compiler appointment after the Chenghua twenty-third-year examination, and the title list also includes compiler.
[5]Hanlin and Eastern Palace officesHe held offices as lecturer to the Eastern Palace, Classic Mat lecturer, Left Instructor in the Left Spring Ward, attendant lecturer in the Hanlin Academy, and Hanlin academician.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The office entries list the Eastern Palace lecturer, Classic Mat lecturer, Left Instructor, Hanlin attendant lecturer, and Hanlin academician appointments with their years.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The biographical text describes his successive advancement to the Hanlin Academy, and the title list includes Hanlin academician.
[6]Examination and Classic Mat dutiesHe held a range of examination and Classic Mat duties from 1499 through 1521.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The office entries identify his assistant examining, Classic Mat, provincial examination, military examination, daily lecturing, chief examining, and palace-examination script-reading duties with their years.
[7]Zhengde officesDuring the Zhengde period Liu Chun served as the Right and Left Vice Ministers of Personnel, Minister of Rites, and Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent; his title is also given as Minister of Rites concurrently with Hanlin Academician.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The office entries place the Right and Left Vice Minister appointments in 1511, the Ministry of Rites appointment in 1513, and the Junior Guardian appointment in the same period.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The biographical texts summarize his promotion from Vice Minister of Personnel to Minister of Rites and give the combined title of Minister of Rites and Hanlin Academician; the title list contains the same offices.
[8]Late appointmentsLiu Chun served as Minister of Personnel from 1518 to 1521 and is also listed as Minister of Rites and Junior Guardian in 1521.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The office entries give the Personnel appointment through 1521 and separately list the 1521 Ministry of Rites and Junior Guardian appointments.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The biographical text and title list confirm his service as Vice Minister of Personnel and Minister of Rites.
[9]Policy and posthumous titleAs Minister of Rites, Liu Chun proposed ending the resident eunuchs and stopping or abolishing tribute offerings, but the proposals were rejected. He upheld institutional regulations, corrected ritual and official matters, later took charge of imperial edicts and the Directorate of the Heir Apparent, and received the posthumous name Wenjian.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The biographical text directly describes his unsuccessful proposals, careful observance of institutional regulations, decisions in ritual matters, responsibility for imperial edicts, direction of the Office of the Heir Apparent, and posthumous name; the title list contains the related duties.
[10]FamilyLiu Chun's family included Liu Keming, Liu Gang, Liu Gui, and Deng in the preceding generation, as well as his elder brother Liu Xiang, younger brother Liu Tai, and wife Jian.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The kinship entries name the great-grandfather Liu Keming, grandfather Liu Gang, father Liu Gui with birth year 1436, mother Deng, elder brother Liu Xiang, younger brother Liu Tai, and wife Jian.
[11]Writing and associationsLiu Chun wrote a preface for a book by Ma Tingyong, epitaphs for Bai Jun and Shen Hai, a discussion of courtesy and personal names for Wang Xian, and a biography of Liu Hong; his other forms of writing included sacrificial texts, tomb inscriptions, biographical notices, and prefaces to poetry and prose.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The association entries identify the preface for Ma Tingyong, epitaphs for Bai Jun and Shen Hai, a discussion of names for Wang Xian, a biography of Liu Hong, and the additional forms of sacrificial text, tomb inscription, biographical notice, and poetry-and-prose preface.
[12]WorksLiu Chun wrote the Liu Wenjian ji; a variant title is Dongchuan Liu Wenjian gong ji, which is designated as a twenty-four-juan work.
Souyun劉春 (42952)The biographical text names the work Liu Wenjian ji.
CBDBLiu Chun (67821)The bibliographic title is Dongchuan Liu Wenjian gong ji and specifies twenty-four juan.
CBDB
