Xianyu Shu

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He first entered service through the clerical establishment. During the Zhiyuan era, he was selected for ability to serve as a jingli of the Eastern Zhejiang Pacification Commission (浙東宣慰司經歷), then transferred to the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat as dushi (江浙行省都事).[4]

Accounts of his early appointments differ: one places him under Kublai as jingli of the Liangzhe Transport Commission (兩浙轉運使經歷); another dates his appointment as jingli of the Liangzhe Branch Secretariat’s Tea and Salt Transport Commission (兩浙行中書省茶鹽轉運司經歷) to 1287, and records a further appointment as jingli of the Pacification Commission’s Regional Commander-in-Chief Office (宣慰司都元帥府經歷) in 1297.[5]

After leaving office, he returned to private life in Xixi, Qiantang, where he built the Kunxue Studio. He was later recalled as dushi of the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat; high officials repeatedly recommended him for service in the court academies and archives, but he was not appointed. He was transferred to be a dianbu of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices (太常寺典簿), eventually retired from that post, and in later life closed his doors to visitors. He died in the sixth year of the Dade era.[6]

Bold and high-spirited, he carried a case for writing brushes when he went out in the morning and argued with his superior over right and wrong; when a single exchange displeased him, he wanted to cast off his official seals and ribbons and retreat to hunting in the hills and marshes. Local elders would gather and point at him as he passed, saying, “This is our Xianyu gong.” When he returned late, he burned incense and practiced calligraphy, displaying ancient bronze ritual vessels and examining their fragmentary inscriptions and worn texts. Guests found him composing verse among the woods and bamboo or drinking to intoxication; in his cups he wrote poems and eccentric characters, taking pleasure in the spectacle.[7]

Scholarship and calligraphy

In middle age he began studying diligently, and from this took the name Kunxue. He wrote poetry, prose, ci lyrics, fu, and sanqu; he was skilled in painting and calligraphy, in connoisseurship of calligraphic works, paintings, and antiquities, and was especially accomplished in cursive script.[8]

Xianyu Shu was a friend of Zhao Mengfu, who greatly esteemed him; while Shu was living in Qiantang, Zhao portrayed his likeness. Yu Ji grouped him with Zhao Mengfu and Deng Wenyuan as leading practitioners of the brush arts, and judged his literary reputation comparable to Zhao’s.[9]

He and Li Zhongfang, Gao Yanjing, Liang Gongfu, and Guo Youzhi were Northerners serving in the South; all were fond of poetry and of examining calligraphic works, famous paintings, and ancient objects, and several of them consequently won the esteem of scholars in the Wu-Yue region.[10]

Zhao Mengfu and Yu Ji wrote postscripts on works associated with him; Dai Biaoyuan and Yu Delin wrote accounts of the Kunxue Studio. After Xianyu Shu’s death, Zhao Mengfu also composed “Lament for Xianyu Boji.”[11]

Anecdotes and literary works

He once found an unusual pine in an abandoned garden, transplanted it, and named it “The Old Man of the Disjointed Form,” tending it morning and evening. He also cherished a Han-period lion-shaped water dropper; its spout fell into a pavilion on West Lake, but when he returned three years later he suddenly found it in the water and took the recovery as a supernatural sign, an episode that poets of the time often celebrated.[12]

When the Zhejiang Provincial Guangji Treasury confined the wives and families of wealthy households implicated in the misuse of public funds, a magistrate named Wang put them on boats on West Lake and sent them among the tourists to collect illicit money. Xianyu Shu responded with “Lake-side Song,” portraying the distress of women forced to sing and dance and ending with the plea, “Where is the righteous man who will cast down a thousand pieces of gold?” Some of his calligraphic works were signed “Zuili,” and he may also have resided for a time in the He region.[13]

Works and family

His works include *Miscellaneous Notes from the Kunxue Studio* (《困學齋雜錄》) and *Poems from the Kunxue Studio* (《困學齋詩集》); the collection is also referred to as *Collected Works from the Kunxue Studio* (《困學齋集》). Four ci lyrics survive.[14]

His children and descendants included the sons Xianyu Qujin (鮮于去矜) and Boyan Buhua (伯顏不花), the son-in-law Duordijin (朵爾的斤), the grandson Xianyu Duan (鮮于端), and the grandson through a daughter Boyan Buhuadejin (伯彥不花的斤), who died in 1359.[15]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1287 茶鹽轉運司經歷 至元
  2. 1297 宣慰司都元帥府經歷 大德

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
茶鹽轉運司經歷1287至元兩浙行中書省
宣慰司都元帥府經歷1297大德
Year unknown3
OfficeEraPosting
吏Era unknownUnknown
太常寺典簿Era unknownUnknown
行中書省都事Era unknown江浙行中書省

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
子鮮于去矜–
子伯顏不花–
女婿朵爾的斤–
外孫伯彥不花的斤–1359
孫鮮于端–

AliasesCBDB

  • 困學民 室名、別號
  • 西溪子 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 胥吏
  • [為官者：文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
趙孟頫友–
白珽書序由白珽所作1302–
何夢桂書序由何夢桂所作–
宋濂書跋由宋濂所作1302–
黃溍書跋由黃溍所作1302–
虞集書跋由虞集所作1302–
戴良書跋由戴良所作1302–
楊士奇書跋由楊士奇所作1302–
柳貫書跋由柳貫所作1302–
王逢書跋由王逢所作1302–
許有壬書跋由許有壬所作1302–
釋善住書跋由釋善住所作1302–
李士行從遊者為李士行1302–
方回相唱和–
方從義為方從義之書、畫作跋–
宋濂書、畫由宋濂作跋–
黃溍書、畫由黃溍作跋–
虞集書、畫由虞集作跋–
趙孟頫書、畫由趙孟頫作跋–
唐文鳳書、畫由唐文鳳作跋–
吳師道書、畫由吳師道作跋–
楊士奇書、畫由楊士奇作跋–
柳貫書、畫由柳貫作跋–
梁寅書、畫由梁寅作跋–
貢師泰書、畫由貢師泰作跋–
王旭書、畫由王旭作跋–
吳寬書、畫由吳寬作跋–
王直書、畫由王直作跋–
鄧文原臨別得到鄧文原所作贈言(送別詩、序)1302–
張之翰臨別得到張之翰所作贈言(送別詩、序)1302–
王旭臨別得到王旭所作贈言(送別詩、序)1302–
趙孟頫哀辭由趙孟頫所作1302–
張伯淳挽詩、詞由張伯淳所作–
戴表元畫贊(畫像記)由戴表元所作–
方逢振收到方逢振的贈詩、文–
趙孟頫收到趙孟頫的贈詩、文–
方回收到方回的贈詩、文–
唐桂芳收到唐桂芳的贈詩、文–
戴表元建築物得到戴表元的題詠、記、命名–
俞德鄰建築物得到俞德鄰的題詠、記、命名–
袁桷詩文跋由袁桷所作–
蘇天爵詩文跋由蘇天爵所作–
戴良詩文跋由戴良所作–
吳師道詩文跋由吳師道所作–
柳貫詩文跋由柳貫所作–
王逢詩文跋由王逢所作–
胡助詩文跋由胡助所作–
許有壬詩文跋由許有壬所作–
王士熙詩文跋由王士熙所作–
釋善住詩文跋由釋善住所作–
程端學為程端學所作詩文作序–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
胥吏出職

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
困學齋雜錄撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Dates and identity Xianyu Shu is identified as a Yuan-dynasty political figure and calligrapher, but the supplied evidence preserves several different birth and death dates.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The basic record gives the name Xianyu Shu, birth year 1246, death year 1302, and the Yuan dynasty.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The profile and biographical passages identify him as a Yuan figure and preserve the dates 1246–1302 and 1256–1301.
    • WikidataXianyu Shu (Q11172703)The entity is described as a Yuan-dynasty politician, with calligrapher supplied in the Chinese description, and lists 1246, 1256, and 1257 as birth values and 1301, 1302, and 1303 as death values.
  2. [2] Courtesy and style names His courtesy name was Boji, and the evidence gives several style names and variant forms, including Kunxue Shanmin, Xixizi, Jizhi Daoren, Kunxuemin, Kunxue, Zhiji Laoren, and Jizhi Laoren.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The alternative-name record gives Kunxuemin and Xixizi.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The profile and biographies give Boji, Kunxue Shanmin, Xixizi, Jizhi Daoren, Kunxuemin, Kunxue, Zhiji Laoren, and the variant Jizhi Laoren.
    • WikidataXianyu Shu (Q11172703)The name records and claims list Kunxuemin, Xixizi, Boji, and the forms Kunxue Shanmin and related style names.
  3. [3] Place of origin The supplied records give different places of origin or residence: Dadu, Kaifeng, and Yuyang Commandery, with Yuyang also identified with present-day Jixian in Tianjin.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The address entries list Yuyang as a former residence and Kaifeng as both basic affiliation and later residence.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The profile and biographies call him a man of Dadu, Yuyang Commandery, or Dadu-Yuyang, and identify the latter with present-day Jixian, Tianjin.
  4. [4] Early service He entered service through the clerical establishment and, during the Zhiyuan era, served first in the Eastern Zhejiang Pacification Commission before transferring to the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The service entries identify him as entering through the clerical establishment and list the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat office.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The biographical passage says that during Zhiyuan he was selected for ability as a jingli of the Eastern Zhejiang Pacification Commission and then transferred to the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat.
  5. [5] Different accounts of early appointments The evidence gives differing formulations and dates for the early appointments: service under Kublai as a Liangzhe transport jingli, a 1287 Tea and Salt Transport Commission appointment, and a 1297 Pacification Commission appointment.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)One biographical passage places him under the Yuan emperor Shizu in the office of Liangzhe transport jingli.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The office chronology lists the Liangzhe Branch Secretariat Tea and Salt Transport Commission appointment in 1287 and the Pacification Commission appointment in 1297.
  6. [6] Retirement and later career He withdrew to Xixi and built the Kunxue Studio, was later recalled to the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat, failed to obtain an appointment in the court academies and archives, became a Court of Imperial Sacrifices dianbu, retired, and died in the sixth year of Dade.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The biographies describe his withdrawal to Qiantang Xixi, construction of the Kunxue Studio, recall as Jiangzhe dushi, unsuccessful recommendations for the court academies and archives, service as Court of Imperial Sacrifices dianbu, retirement, closed-door later life, and death in the sixth Dade year.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The office entries list the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat dushi and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices dianbu.
  7. [7] Temperament and daily life The biography portrays him as bold and argumentative, devoted to hunting, ancient bronzes, poetry, drinking, and calligraphy, with local elders recognizing him and guests enjoying his intoxicated performances.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The biography details his disputes with his superior, hunting, recognition by local elders, collecting and examining ancient bronzes, and entertaining guests with verse, drink, and calligraphy.
  8. [8] Learning, literature, and connoisseurship He began serious study in middle age, wrote in several literary forms, practiced painting and calligraphy, examined antiquities and artworks, and was especially accomplished in cursive script.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The biographies describe his poetry, prose, painting, calligraphy, cursive script, ci, fu, sanqu, connoisseurship, and middle-life study.
    • WikidataXianyu Shu (Q11172703)The entity descriptions identify him as a Yuan politician and calligrapher.
  9. [9] Zhao Mengfu and Yu Ji Xianyu Shu was Zhao Mengfu’s friend and was highly esteemed by him; Zhao portrayed his likeness, while Yu Ji placed him alongside Zhao Mengfu and Deng Wenyuan and compared his literary reputation with Zhao’s.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The relationship entries identify Zhao Mengfu as his friend and preserve a reference to Zhao’s work presenting a painting to Xianyu Boji.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The biographies say that Zhao Mengfu greatly esteemed him, portrayed him, and that Yu Ji grouped him with Zhao Mengfu and Deng Wenyuan and compared their literary reputations.
  10. [10] Northern literati in the South He and Li Zhongfang, Gao Yanjing, Liang Gongfu, and Guo Youzhi served in the South as Northerners, shared a taste for poetry and connoisseurship, and helped attract esteem from Wu-Yue literati.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The biography names these Northerners serving in the South, describes their shared interests, and notes the esteem they received from Wu-Yue scholars.
  11. [11] Postscripts and memorial writing The association evidence preserves postscripts by Zhao Mengfu and Yu Ji, studio accounts by Dai Biaoyuan and Yu Delin, and Zhao Mengfu’s posthumous lament for Xianyu Shu.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The associated texts include Yu Ji’s postscript on Xianyu’s calligraphy, Zhao Mengfu’s related inscription, Zhao’s lament, and accounts of the Kunxue Studio by Dai Biaoyuan and Yu Delin.
  12. [12] Pine and water dropper He named a transplanted strange pine Zhilisou, recovered a Han-period lion-shaped water dropper from West Lake after three years, treated the recovery as supernatural, and inspired poems about the episode.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The anecdote describes the transplanted pine named 支離叟, the Han object lost in West Lake and recovered three years later, and the poems inspired by it.
  13. [13] Lake-side Song The biography connects Lake-side Song with the coercive treatment of wealthy households’ wives and families by a local treasury and presents the poem’s appeal for a righteous rescuer.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The anecdote describes the treasury’s treatment of the families, Xianyu Shu’s resulting Lake-side Song, its concluding appeal, and the signature Zuili with the possibility of residence in the He region.
  14. [14] Works and surviving lyrics His works include the Kunxue Studio miscellaneous notes and poetry collection, with the latter also referred to as the Kunxue Studio collected works; four ci lyrics survive.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The works entry lists 《困學齋雜錄》 and identifies Xianyu Shu as its author.
    • Souyun鮮于樞 (40984)The biographies list 《困學齋雜錄》, 《困學齋詩集》, and 《困學齋集》, and state that four ci lyrics survive.
  15. [15] Family The family entries name two sons, a son-in-law, a grandson, and a grandson through a daughter; the latter died in 1359.
    • CBDBXianyu Shu (30354)The kinship entries name the two sons, son-in-law, grandson, and grandson through a daughter, and give the latter’s death year as 1359.