Qian Chu

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Qian Chu was the son of Qian Yuanguan, the Wuyue Wenmu King. He was Qian Yuanguan's ninth son, and his grandfather was Qian Liu. In the fourth year of the Tianfu era (939), he was appointed commander of the Inner Office armies. He served in Taizhou during the Jin period; the appointment is assigned to the fourth year of Kaiyun, with the Western year given as either 946 or 947.[2]

After his elder brother Qian Zong was deposed by Hu Jinsi, Hu invited Qian Chu to succeed him; Qian Chu became king of Wuyue in the first year of Qianyou (948). The duration of his reign is given as either thirty or thirty-five years. He served Later Han and Later Zhou, assisted Later Zhou's Shizong and Song's Taizu in campaigns against Southern Tang, and also helped Taizu pacify Jiangnan.[3]

In the second year of Qianyou, he was appointed Southeastern Military Commander, military governor of Zhenhai and Zhendong, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, Grand Preceptor, Zhongshu Ling, Grand Governor of Hangzhou and Yuezhou, Shangzhuguo, and King of Wuyue. The following year he was additionally made acting Shangshu Ling. During Later Zhou's Xiande era he was made Grand Marshal of All the Armies; in the first year of Song's Jianlong era (960), he was promoted to Supreme Grand Marshal.[4]

In the ninth year of Kaibao (976), he attended the Song court and returned after more than a month. In the third year of Taiping Xingguo (978), he submitted a memorial surrendering to Song the thirteen prefectures of Liangzhe under his control. Song enfeoffed him as Prince of Huaihai, later making him Prince of Hannan, Prince of Nanyang, and Prince of Xu. During the Yongxi era he served as military governor of Wusheng Army; after submitting a memorial declining the title of king, he was transferred to the princedom of Deng in the first year of Duangong.[5]

He died in Dengzhou in the eighth month of the first year of Duangong (988), at the age of sixty; the year is also given as the fourth year of Yongxi. He was posthumously granted the title Prince of Qin and the posthumous name Zhongyi, and was buried at Luoyang.[6]

Literary and Religious Activities

Qian Chu was described as broad-minded and mild, learned, fond of poetic composition, and skilled in cursive calligraphy.[7] After ascending the throne, he appointed the Tiantai master Deshao as state preceptor and received the bodhisattva precepts from Daoqian. In the first year of Jianlong (960), he restored Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou and invited Zhi Jue Yanshou to be the first master of its revival; he also sent envoys to Japan and Goryeo to obtain Tiantai commentaries, helping Tiantai doctrine flourish.[8]

Works

Qian Chu wrote *Zhengben ji* (《政本集》). The ten-volume work is now lost, and Tao Gu wrote its preface. One poem by him survives in *Quan Tang shi*, while fourteen others survive in works including *Wuyue Qian shi chuanfang ji* and *Siming zunzhe jiaoxing lu*; they were later included in *Quan Tang shi waibian* and *Quan Tang shi xu shi*.[9]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 939 内牙諸軍指揮使 天福
  2. 946 知州 開運
  3. 948 諸王 乾祐
  4. 978 國王 太平興國
  5. 987 某軍節度使 雍熙
  6. 988 國王 端拱
  7. 988 國王 端拱

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
内牙諸軍指揮使939天福
知州946開運台州
諸王948乾祐
國王978太平興國
某軍節度使987雍熙武勝軍節度
國王988端拱
國王988端拱
Year unknown12
OfficeEraPosting
上柱國Era unknownUnknown
中書令Era unknownUnknown
使持節某州諸軍事、某州刺史、充某軍節度、某州管內觀察處置等使Era unknown鄧州
功臣Era unknownUnknown
太師Era unknownUnknown
尚書令Era unknownUnknown
庫部郎中Era unknownUnknown
王Era unknownUnknown
軍節度留後Era unknownUnknown
道節度使掌書記Era unknownUnknown
開府儀同三司Era unknownUnknown
防禦使Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
祖父錢鏐852–932
父錢元瓘887–941
岳父俞承遜–
兄錢倧928–971
第一任妻孫氏(錢俶妃)–
第二任妻俞氏(錢俶繼室)–
從子;姪子錢易–
從子;姪子錢昭序–
女婿元象宗–
女婿慎從吉–
長子; 第一子錢惟濬955–991
次子錢惟治–
三子錢惟渲–
四子錢惟灝–
五子錢惟溍–
六子錢從釋–
七子錢惟演977–1034
八子錢惟濟978–1032
二女錢氏(錢俶次女)–
孫錢–
孫錢明逸1015–1071
孫錢輯–
孫女婿趙允迪1014–1048
曾姪孫;從曾孫錢氏(嚴矩妻)1034–1072
六世孫;昆孫錢悅–
直系後裔錢乙–
直系後裔錢舉–
同族晚輩錢B–
同族晚輩錢朝彥1104–1180
同族晚輩錢節–
妾之兄弟孫承祐–
長女錢氏(錢俶長女)–
三女錢氏(錢俶三女)–
四女錢氏(錢俶四女)–
五女錢氏(錢俶五女)–
五世孫;來孫錢忱–1161
養子(非嗣子)錢惟治949–1014
六女錢氏(錢俶六女)–
七女錢氏(錢俶七女)–

AliasesCBDB

  • 忠懿 諡號
  • 文德 字
  • 錢俶 别名、曾用名
  • 錢弘俶 别名、曾用名

StatusCBDB

  • 工於文
  • 統治者

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
慎知禮墓誌銘由慎知禮所作988–
劉克莊書跋由劉克莊所作–
蘇軾廟碑記由蘇軾所作–
秦守良墓誌銘由秦守良書丹–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
繼位

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
政本集

Citations

  1. [1] Identity, names, and native place This paragraph gives Qian Chu's name, dates, status as the last king of Wuyue, courtesy name, original name, and the two reported native places.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The basic, alternate-name, and address fields provide the name, dates, Wuyue rulership, courtesy name, former name, and the Pengcheng and Lin'an entries.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The profile and biographical texts identify Qian Chu, give his dates, Wuyue status, courtesy name, original name, and Hangzhou Lin'an birthplace.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The person record supplies the dates, dynasty, Lin'an birthplace, alternate names, and the description of Qian Chu as Wuyue's last king.
    • WikidataQian Chu (Q1036789)The English label, Qian Hongshu alias, Wuyue-king description, and date statements corroborate the identity and years.
  2. [2] Family and early career This paragraph covers Qian Chu's parentage, birth order, grandfather, 939 appointment, Taizhou service, and the 946/947 dating difference.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The biographical texts identify Qian Yuanguan as father, Qian Chu as the ninth son, and record the Tianfu appointment and Kaiyun Taizhou posting, with one text giving 947.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The kinship fields identify Qian Yuanguan and Qian Liu, while the office fields give the Tianfu fourth-year appointment in 939 and the Kaiyun fourth-year Taizhou entry in 946.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The person note confirms the ninth-son family relationship and a Jin-period Taizhou posting, while using a different era and office wording.
  3. [3] Accession and military activity This paragraph recounts Hu Jinsi's deposition of Qian Zong, Qian Chu's accession in 948, the differing reign lengths, and his relations with Later Han, Later Zhou, and Southern Tang.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The biographical texts cover the deposition and succession, accession in Qianyou's first year, the thirty-year and thirty-five-year accounts, and the Later Han, Later Zhou, Southern Tang, and Jiangnan campaigns.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The kinship and succession fields identify Qian Zong as his brother, while the office data places the kingship in Qianyou's first year, 948.
  4. [4] Offices and marshal titles This paragraph links the Qianyou appointments, the subsequent Shangshu Ling title, and the Later Zhou and Song marshal promotions.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The office narrative lists the Qianyou military, administrative, and royal titles, the following-year Shangshu Ling appointment, and the Xiande and Jianlong marshal promotions.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The office list separately contains Kaifu Yitong Sansi, Shangzhuguo, Grand Preceptor, Zhongshu Ling, King, and Shangshu Ling.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The person note confirms the successive Grand Marshal title and identifies Jianlong's first year as 960.
  5. [5] Submission to Song and enfeoffments This paragraph covers the 976 court visit, the 978 surrender of the thirteen Liangzhe prefectures, and the subsequent Song titles and Wusheng appointment.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The biographical texts record the 976 court visit, the 978 surrender of the thirteen Liangzhe prefectures, the Huaihai, Hannan, Nanyang, Xu, and Deng enfeoffments, and the Wusheng military governorship.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The office data lists the Wusheng military governorship and a Taiping Xingguo third-year, 978 kingship entry.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The aliases list the Huaihai, Hannan, Nanyang, Xu, and Deng princely titles.
  6. [6] Death, posthumous honors, and burial This paragraph retains the Yongxi fourth-year and Duangong first-year death-date variants and gives the 988 death, age, posthumous honors, and burial place.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The biographical texts provide the Yongxi/Duangong date variant, age sixty, eighth-month death, Zhongyi posthumous name, and Prince of Qin honor.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The basic, posthumous-name, and address fields give 988, Zhongyi, Dengzhou as the death place, and Luoyang as the burial place.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The person record confirms a 988 death range and the Zhongyi titles.
    • WikidataQian Chu (Q1036789)The death-date and Zhongyi statements corroborate the year and posthumous name.
  7. [7] Literary ability This paragraph describes Qian Chu's mild temperament, learning, fondness for poetry, and skill in cursive calligraphy.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The literary biography describes him as skilled in cursive calligraphy and fond of poetic composition.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The status field characterizes him as accomplished in writing.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The person note describes him as mild, broadly learned, and fond of poetic composition.
  8. [8] Tiantai religious activities This paragraph records Qian Chu's patronage of Tiantai Buddhism, including the state preceptor, bodhisattva precepts, restoration of Lingyin Temple, and missions for Tiantai texts.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The person note gives the appointments, Buddhist precepts, Lingyin restoration, invitation to Zhi Jue Yanshou, missions to Japan and Goryeo, and flourishing of Tiantai doctrine.
  9. [9] Works and poems This paragraph identifies Zhengben ji, its ten-volume lost state and preface, and the surviving and later collected poems.
    • CBDBQian Chu (3037)The works field lists Zhengben ji.
    • Souyun錢俶 (20812)The literary texts give the ten-volume lost work, Tao Gu's preface, and the counts and later collections of surviving poems.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢俶 (A006774)The person note also identifies Zhengben ji as a work by Qian Chu.