Li Qunyu

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公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

In his youth he enjoyed playing the sheng, was skilled in calligraphy, withdrew into mountains and forests, and worked assiduously at poetry. Of an unrestrained temperament, he disliked official advancement and made verse his chosen way of life. Friends and relatives urged him to sit for the examinations; he made only one attempt and later lived in seclusion in Lizhou for ten years.[4]

At the beginning of the Kaicheng era he traveled east to Wu and Yue and also entered the Three Gorges. During the Huichang era he stayed in Pei Xiu's Hunan headquarters; he later traveled south to Guangzhou and Guizhou, attached himself to Li Pin, the military governor of Lingnan, and returned to Lizhou. He then traveled east again to Hongzhou, returning home by way of Yuanzhou and Liling, and suffered from the illness known as xiaoke (消渴).[5]

In 854, the eighth year of Emperor Xuanzong's Dazhong era, he walked to the capital and presented 300 poems. On the recommendation of Linghu Tao and Pei Xiu, he was appointed a proofreader at the Hongwen Institute. His career titles also include a Palace Library proofreader and a post in the Ministry of Rites' Office of Guests.[6]

He requested leave to return east soon after taking office; the interval before an aggrieved return home is also given as four years. He died in distress, with Hongzhou also named as his place of death. In 900, Emperor Zhaozong posthumously awarded him the jinshi degree.[7]

He exchanged poems with Du Mu, Yao He, Fang Gan, Li Pin, and Duan Chengshi, among others.[8]

Poetry and works

Li Qunyu was skilled in calligraphy and poetry. The appointment edict praised his freedom among hills and ravines and his expression of feeling in song, and described his literary brilliance as exceptional. His five-character verse was praised as incisive and his seven-character verse as flowing and elegant; many lines became widely recited. Zhang Wei placed him in the inner circle of the “Broadly Learned and Grandly Elevated” category in the Poet-Guest Map.[9]

Later criticism was divided. Some praised the beauty of his verse and the force of his talent, singled out his long five-character poems and his seven-character jueju, and even judged his five-character old-style verse superior to Sikong Tu's. Others found his pen technically clumsy overall, with few passages of complete excellence; they considered his old-style five-character verse plain in manner but seldom incisive, criticized its lack of variation, and compared it to the Wen–Li manner while also noting the legacy of the Qi–Liang period.[10]

He is credited with the Li Qunyu Collection. The transmitted titles also include Li Qunyu shi in three juan and Houji in five juan; both are extant. The Complete Tang Poems preserves three juan of his verse, and the Supplement to the Complete Tang Poems adds one poem.[11]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown1
OfficeEraPosting
弘文館校書郎Era unknownUnknown

AliasesCBDB

  • 文山 字

StatusCBDB

  • 工於文

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
方干友–
杜牧友–
段成式友–
裴休友–
崔鄲友–
令狐綯友–
盧肇友–
李虞友–
張祜友–
雍陶友–
沈師黃友–
李玭友–
唐持友–
元孚友–
方干贈詩、文–
楊漢公贈詩、文–
裴休贈詩、文–
崔鄲贈詩、文–
張祜贈詩、文–
封敖贈詩、文–
于興宗贈詩、文–
李遠贈詩、文–
李玭贈詩、文–
元紱贈詩、文–
張璪贈詩、文–
張次宗贈詩、文–
崔表仁贈詩、文–
崔表臣贈詩、文–
渾吉贈詩、文–
李虞贈詩、文–
李艎贈詩、文–
李凝贈詩、文–
韋益贈詩、文–
蕭綰贈詩、文–
杜悰贈詩、文–
杜惲贈詩、文–
狄佩贈詩、文–
成威贈詩、文–
費冠卿贈詩、文–
回雪贈詩、文–
阿最贈詩、文–
鄭京昭贈詩、文–
鄭子寬贈詩、文–
鄭朗贈詩、文–
魏珪贈詩、文–
索曲贈詩、文–
方干收到方干的贈詩、文–
杜牧收到杜牧的贈詩、文–
段成式收到段成式的贈詩、文–
釋元孚收到釋元孚的贈詩、文–
盧肇收到盧肇的贈詩、文–
李頻收到李頻的贈詩、文–
周樸收到周樸的贈詩、文–
姚合收到姚合的贈詩、文–
王璘收到王璘的贈詩、文–
李壽朋收到李壽朋的贈詩、文–
李朝士收到李朝士的贈詩、文–
韓續收到韓續的贈詩、文–

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
後集(李群玉)
李群玉詩

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates, and identity The paragraph identifies Li Qunyu as a Tang-dynasty poet, uses about 808–862 as the principal dating, and preserves about 860 as an alternative death date; the name, period, and dates are all supported by the cited original values.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The main person record supplies the name, Tang dynasty, and death year 862.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The profile and biographical texts give the Tang affiliation, an approximate birth year of 808, a death year of 862, and an alternative date of about 860, while describing his poetic career.
    • WikidataLi Qunyu (Q11097805)The English label, Tang-dynasty description, and death-time value corroborate the person's identity and the year 862.
  2. [2] Courtesy name and birth order The paragraph gives Wenshan as Li Qunyu's courtesy name and states that he was fourth in birth order; both details are present in the biographical values, with the name also preserved as an English alias.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The person record identifies Wenshan as the courtesy name.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The profile lists Wenshan and the fourth-place birth-order alias, while the biographies explicitly say that his courtesy name was Wenshan and that he was fourth.
    • WikidataLi Qunyu (Q11097805)The English alias value preserves the form Wenshan.
  3. [3] Native place The paragraph preserves both Lizhou and Liyang as place-name forms and retains the statement that Lizhou is modern Lixian in Hunan rather than resolving the two forms into one.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The person record lists both 澧州 and 澧陽 among the native-place addresses.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The profile and biographies give 澧州 as the native place and identify it as modern Lixian in Hunan.
  4. [4] Early life and examinations The paragraph summarizes his early musical and calligraphic interests, withdrawal into rural landscapes, devotion to poetry, unrestrained temperament, dislike of office, single examination attempt, and ten years of seclusion in Lizhou.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The person record characterizes his literary accomplishment as being skilled in writing.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The biographies provide the details of his temperament, musical and calligraphic abilities, poetic practice, examination attempt, and ten years of seclusion in Lizhou.
  5. [5] Travels and illness The paragraph follows the itinerary from the early Kaicheng and Huichang periods through the southern and eastern journeys, and retains the associations with Pei Xiu and Li Pin as well as the illness called xiaoke.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The biographical text gives the full itinerary through Wu and Yue, the Three Gorges, Hunan, Lingnan, and Hongzhou, and mentions xiaoke.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The association values include Pei Xiu and Li Pin, corroborating the named personal connections in this itinerary.
  6. [6] Journey to the capital and offices The paragraph records the 854 journey to the capital, the presentation of 300 poems, the recommendations by Linghu Tao and Pei Xiu, the Hongwen Institute appointment, and the additional office titles preserved in the career profile.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The person record lists the Hongwen Institute proofreader and includes Pei Xiu and Linghu Tao among the associations.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The profile and biographies give the 854 capital journey, the 300-poem presentation, the recommendations, and the Hongwen Institute, Palace Library, and Ministry of Rites office titles.
  7. [7] Return, death, and posthumous degree The paragraph preserves the short interval before his request to return, the alternative four-year chronology and Hongzhou death place, and the 900 posthumous grant of the jinshi degree.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The biographies give the request to return, the four-year aggrieved return, the distressed death, the Hongzhou death place, and the 900 posthumous jinshi award.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The person record dates his death to 862.
    • WikidataLi Qunyu (Q11097805)The death-time value is 862.
  8. [8] Poetic friendships The paragraph identifies the poets with whom he exchanged poems; the biography states the exchange directly and the association values classify the named relationships as friendships.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The association values list Fang Gan, Du Mu, Duan Chengshi, Li Pin, and Yao He as friends of Li Qunyu.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The biography explicitly says that he associated and exchanged poems with Du Mu, Yao He, Fang Gan, Li Pin, and Duan Chengshi.
  9. [9] Poetic style and contemporary assessment The paragraph summarizes his calligraphic and poetic skill, the appointment edict's praise, the contrast between his five- and seven-character verse, the circulation of his lines, and Zhang Wei's classification.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The person record characterizes him as skilled in writing.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The biographical and edict texts support his calligraphic and poetic ability, the five- and seven-character assessments, the circulation of his lines, Zhang Wei's classification, and the praise of his literary brilliance.
  10. [10] Later poetic criticism The paragraph sets out both praise and criticism: beauty and force, long five-character poems, jueju, and the comparison with Sikong Tu on one side; technical weakness, limited incisiveness, insufficient variation, and Wen–Li and Qi–Liang comparisons on the other.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The critical texts variously praise the beauty, force, long five-character poems, jueju, and five-character verse, while criticizing technical execution, lack of incisiveness and variation, and comparing the style with Wen–Li and the Qi–Liang legacy.
  11. [11] Works and transmission The paragraph names the Li Qunyu Collection, Li Qunyu shi in three juan, Houji in five juan, and the surviving contents of the Complete Tang Poems and its supplement.
    • CBDBLi Qunyu (93093)The works values list the titles Houji and Li Qunyu shi.
    • Souyun李群玉 (17008)The biographies give the Li Qunyu Collection, the three-juan Li Qunyu shi and five-juan Houji, their survival, and the three-juan Complete Tang Poems text plus one poem in its supplement.