Naixian

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

His clan had long been settled west of Jinshan;[3] after the Yuan rose in the northwest, many members of the groups that served the central court were dispersed through the interior,[4] and Naixian was consequently known as a native of Nanyang.[5] With his brother Tahai,[6] he traveled through Jiangnan on official business, settled in Yin, and later returned to the capital, where he became known for his literary ability.[7] Han Yuyu was skilled in calligraphy and Wang Zichong in classical prose; Naixian arrived with them, and the three were acclaimed as the “Three Wonders of Jiangnan.”[8]

His examination status is uncertain: he is called a jinshi in one version, while another says that his brother Tahai Zhongliang rose through the jinshi degree and that Naixian obtained an office only late in life without fulfilling his potential.[9] He disliked the pursuit of official emoluments and devoted himself to poetry and prose; his return to the capital was intended to broaden his experience and contribute to his poetry.[10]

He later returned to eastern Zhejiang[11] and was recruited as head of Donghu Academy;[12] on recommendation, he was appointed a Hanlin compiler,[13] an office also styled Compiler of the Hanlin Academy's National History Institute.[14] He later went out to take part in Sangge Shili's military affairs and died in that service.[15]

Literary achievement

He excelled in prose and was especially accomplished in lyric poetry; his poems were repeatedly circulated and recited by scholar-officials.[16] His works include Jintai ji (《金臺集》) and Haiyun qingxiao ji (《海雲清嘯集》).[17]

The preface to Jintai ji praised his poetry as fresh and elegant, with a warm and finely textured quality; Gong Shitai described his diction as clear, polished, and delicate, comparing his five-character verse to Xie Tiao, Liu Yun, and Jiang Yan, his seven-character verse to Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, and Liu Yuxi, and his yuefu to the lingering style of Xie Lingyun and Bao Mingyuan.[18] Li Haowen praised the balanced and harmonious spirit he possessed as a man from the northwest.[19]

Jintai ji had a preface by Ouyang Yuangong;[20] Gong Shitai wrote another preface,[21] while Yu Ji and Zhang Qiyan contributed poems at the end.[22] He exchanged poems with Zhang Zhu and Wu Sidao;[23] he wrote farewell poems or prefaces for Yang Zhu, Baizhu, Dalimashili, Duo'erzhiban, and Tuotuo.[24] He also composed inscriptions, notes, or names for buildings associated with Xue Yifu, Xie Yaozhang, and Zhang Lu, and wrote postscripts to works by Jie Xisi and Han Wenyu.[25]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown2
OfficeEraPosting
書院山長Era unknownUnknown
翰林國史院國史編修官Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父某某–
兄塔海–

AliasesCBDB

  • 易之 字

StatusCBDB

  • [為官者:文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
張以寧為張以寧所著書作序–
王褘書序由王褘所作1367–
歐陽玄書序由歐陽玄所作1367–
危素書序由危素所作1367–
張以寧書序由張以寧所作1367–
劉仁本書序由劉仁本所作1367–
貢師泰書序由貢師泰所作1367–
李好文書序由李好文所作1367–
林弼書序由林弼所作1367–
王褘書跋由王褘所作1367–
黃溍書跋由黃溍所作1367–
揭傒斯書跋由揭傒斯所作1367–
余闕書跋由余闕所作1367–
程文書跋由程文所作1367–
劉仁本書跋由劉仁本所作1367–
楊彝書跋由楊彝所作1367–
張翥相唱和–
烏斯道相唱和–
別的因相唱和–
余闕書、畫由余闕作跋–
楊鑄為楊鑄作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
拜住為拜住作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
達理麻識理為達理麻識理作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
朶爾直班為朶爾直班作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
脫脫為脫脫作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
沈夢麟臨別得到沈夢麟所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
劉仁本臨別得到劉仁本所作贈言(送別詩、序)1367–
陳基臨別得到陳基所作贈言(送別詩、序)1367–
成廷珪臨別得到成廷珪所作贈言(送別詩、序)1367–
烏斯道臨別得到烏斯道所作贈言(送別詩、序)1367–
朱右臨別得到朱右所作贈言(送別詩、序)1367–
袁士元臨別得到袁士元所作贈言(送別詩、序)1367–
張仲深從張仲深處收到賀詞 (occasion)–
塗貞贈詩、文–
楊祖恕贈詩、文–
韓元之贈詩、文–
韓文璵贈詩、文–
魏景仁贈詩、文–
泰不華贈詩、文–
脫脫贈詩、文–
月魯不花贈詩、文–
張翥收到張翥的贈詩、文–
張仲深收到張仲深的贈詩、文–
宋沂收到宋沂的贈詩、文–
薛毅夫為薛毅夫之建築物題詠、記、命名–
謝堯章為謝堯章之建築物題詠、記、命名–
張閭為張閭之建築物題詠、記、命名–
揭傒斯為揭傒斯之詩文作跋–
韓文璵為韓文璵之詩文作跋–
王褘詩文跋由王褘所作–
黃溍詩文跋由黃溍所作–
虞集詩文跋由虞集所作–
揭傒斯詩文跋由揭傒斯所作–
張起巖詩文跋由張起巖所作–
余闕詩文跋由余闕所作–
程文詩文跋由程文所作–
劉仁本詩文跋由劉仁本所作–
林弼詩文跋由林弼所作–
貢師泰為貢師泰所作詩文作序–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
徵辟

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
金臺集

Citations

  1. [1] Name, birth, period, and identity Naixian was born in 1309 and belonged to the Yuan period; the biographical description presents him as accomplished in prose and poetry, supporting the description of him as a Yuan-dynasty poet and writer.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The basic record gives the name Naixian, the birth year 1309, and the Yuan dynasty.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographical entry identifies him as a Yuan figure who could write and excelled in song poetry.
    • WikidataNaixian (Q45426696)The entity record gives the English name Naixian, the alias Nasen, identifies him as a Yuan-dynasty person, and gives a 1309 birth timestamp.
  2. [2] Style name, alternate name, clan, and native place Naixian was styled Yizhi, was also known by the name 納延, belonged to the Gelaolu clan, and was native to Yin County.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The basic record identifies Yizhi as his style name and Yin County as his native place.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The profile lists 納延, 易之, and Yin County, while the biographies identify him as a member of the Gelaolu clan.
    • WikidataNaixian (Q45426696)The entity claims and English-name list both associate Yizhi with Naixian.
  3. [3] Settlement west of Jinshan The Gelaolu clan had long been settled west of Jinshan.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that his clan had for generations lived west of Jinshan.
  4. [4] Background to the Nanyang designation After the Yuan rose in the northwest, many members of the groups serving the central court were dispersed through the interior.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography explains that northwestern groups serving the central court became dispersed through the interior after the Yuan's rise.
  5. [5] Nanyang designation Naixian was consequently known as a native of Nanyang.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)Both biographical passages associate Naixian with Nanyang, and the longer passage explains why that designation was used.
  6. [6] Brother Tahai and travel Naixian traveled with his brother Tahai through Jiangnan on official business.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The kinship record identifies Tahai as his brother.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that he traveled through Jiangnan with his brother on official business.
  7. [7] Settlement in Yin and return to the capital He settled in Yin, later returned to the capital, and became known there for his literary ability.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography describes the travel through Jiangnan, settlement in Yin, later return to the capital, and resulting literary reputation.
  8. [8] Three Wonders of Jiangnan Han Yuyu was skilled in calligraphy, Wang Zichong in classical prose, and Naixian was acclaimed with them as one of the Three Wonders of Jiangnan.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographies identify Han Yuyu as a calligrapher, Wang Zichong as a classical prose writer, and the three as the Three Wonders of Jiangnan.
  9. [9] Disputed examination status One profile calls him a jinshi, whereas the biographical narrative says that his brother Tahai Zhongliang achieved office through the jinshi degree and that Naixian received office late without fulfilling his potential.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The profile includes jinshi among his titles, while the biography gives the contrasting account of his brother's jinshi career and Naixian's late, incomplete official career.
  10. [10] Attitude toward office and purpose of travel Naixian disliked official emoluments, devoted himself to poetry and prose, and went to the capital to broaden his knowledge and assist his poetry.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that he disliked official emoluments, amused himself with poetry and prose, and broadened his observations in the capital to aid his poetry.
  11. [11] Return to eastern Zhejiang Naixian later returned to eastern Zhejiang.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that he eventually returned to eastern Zhejiang.
  12. [12] Head of Donghu Academy He was recruited as head of Donghu Academy.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The office and appointment information gives the position of academy head and the recruitment method.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography specifically names Donghu Academy and says that he was recruited to lead it.
  13. [13] Hanlin appointment On recommendation, Naixian was appointed a Hanlin compiler.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The office record gives the full Hanlin National History Institute compiler title.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The profile and biography identify him as a Hanlin compiler, with the biography specifying appointment on recommendation.
  14. [14] Full Hanlin office title The Hanlin office is also styled Compiler of the Hanlin Academy's National History Institute.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The office record gives the complete title 翰林國史院國史編修官.
  15. [15] Military service and death Naixian went out to take part in Sangge Shili's military affairs and died in that service; no death year is supplied here.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography directly says that he went out to participate in Sangge Shili's military affairs and died.
  16. [16] Poetic ability and circulation Naixian excelled in prose and song poetry, and scholar-officials repeatedly circulated and recited his poems.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographies describe his skill in prose and song poetry and say that scholar-officials passed his poems around and recited them.
  17. [17] Works Naixian's works include Jintai ji and Haiyun qingxiao ji.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The works record includes 《金臺集》.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographies name 《金臺集》 and 《海云清嘯集》 as his works.
  18. [18] Critical description of the poetry The preface praises the freshness and elegance of his poetry and its warm, finely textured quality; Gong Shitai praises the diction and compares its different forms with earlier poets and the yuefu tradition.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography preserves the assessments of his poetic freshness, warmth, diction, five-character and seven-character verse, and yuefu style.
  19. [19] Balanced and harmonious spirit Li Haowen praised the balanced and harmonious spirit that Naixian possessed as a man from the northwest.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography quotes Li Haowen as praising his distinctive balanced and harmonious spirit as a northwestern man.
  20. [20] Ouyang Yuangong's preface Jintai ji had a preface by Ouyang Yuangong.
    • Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography explicitly says that Ouyang Yuangong wrote a preface to Jintai ji.
  21. [21] Gong Shitai's preface Gong Shitai wrote a preface for Jintai ji.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entry names Gong Shitai as the author of a Jintai ji preface.
  22. [22] Poems at the end of the collection Yu Ji and Zhang Qiyan contributed poems at the end of Jintai ji.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entry names Zhang Qiyan and Yu Ji as contributors of poems at the end of Jintai ji.
  23. [23] Poetic exchanges Naixian exchanged poems with Zhang Zhu and Wu Sidao.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entries identify Zhang Zhu and Wu Sidao as participants in poetic exchanges with Naixian.
  24. [24] Farewell poems and prefaces Naixian wrote farewell poems or prefaces for Yang Zhu, Baizhu, Dalimashili, Duo'erzhiban, and Tuotuo.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entries name the five recipients and classify the texts as farewell poems or prefaces.
  25. [25] Building inscriptions and postscripts Naixian composed inscriptions, notes, or names for buildings associated with Xue Yifu, Xie Yaozhang, and Zhang Lu, and wrote postscripts to works by Jie Xisi and Han Wenyu.
    • CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entries identify three building-related subjects and two works for which he wrote postscripts, together with the relevant action types.