[1]Name, birth, period, and identityNaixian was born in 1309 and belonged to the Yuan period; the biographical description presents him as accomplished in prose and poetry, supporting the description of him as a Yuan-dynasty poet and writer.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The basic record gives the name Naixian, the birth year 1309, and the Yuan dynasty.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographical entry identifies him as a Yuan figure who could write and excelled in song poetry.
WikidataNaixian (Q45426696)The entity record gives the English name Naixian, the alias Nasen, identifies him as a Yuan-dynasty person, and gives a 1309 birth timestamp.
[2]Style name, alternate name, clan, and native placeNaixian was styled Yizhi, was also known by the name 納延, belonged to the Gelaolu clan, and was native to Yin County.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The basic record identifies Yizhi as his style name and Yin County as his native place.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The profile lists 納延, 易之, and Yin County, while the biographies identify him as a member of the Gelaolu clan.
WikidataNaixian (Q45426696)The entity claims and English-name list both associate Yizhi with Naixian.
[3]Settlement west of JinshanThe Gelaolu clan had long been settled west of Jinshan.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that his clan had for generations lived west of Jinshan.
[4]Background to the Nanyang designationAfter the Yuan rose in the northwest, many members of the groups serving the central court were dispersed through the interior.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography explains that northwestern groups serving the central court became dispersed through the interior after the Yuan's rise.
[5]Nanyang designationNaixian was consequently known as a native of Nanyang.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)Both biographical passages associate Naixian with Nanyang, and the longer passage explains why that designation was used.
[6]Brother Tahai and travelNaixian traveled with his brother Tahai through Jiangnan on official business.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The kinship record identifies Tahai as his brother.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that he traveled through Jiangnan with his brother on official business.
[7]Settlement in Yin and return to the capitalHe settled in Yin, later returned to the capital, and became known there for his literary ability.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography describes the travel through Jiangnan, settlement in Yin, later return to the capital, and resulting literary reputation.
[8]Three Wonders of JiangnanHan Yuyu was skilled in calligraphy, Wang Zichong in classical prose, and Naixian was acclaimed with them as one of the Three Wonders of Jiangnan.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographies identify Han Yuyu as a calligrapher, Wang Zichong as a classical prose writer, and the three as the Three Wonders of Jiangnan.
[9]Disputed examination statusOne profile calls him a jinshi, whereas the biographical narrative says that his brother Tahai Zhongliang achieved office through the jinshi degree and that Naixian received office late without fulfilling his potential.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The profile includes jinshi among his titles, while the biography gives the contrasting account of his brother's jinshi career and Naixian's late, incomplete official career.
[10]Attitude toward office and purpose of travelNaixian disliked official emoluments, devoted himself to poetry and prose, and went to the capital to broaden his knowledge and assist his poetry.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that he disliked official emoluments, amused himself with poetry and prose, and broadened his observations in the capital to aid his poetry.
[11]Return to eastern ZhejiangNaixian later returned to eastern Zhejiang.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography says that he eventually returned to eastern Zhejiang.
[12]Head of Donghu AcademyHe was recruited as head of Donghu Academy.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The office and appointment information gives the position of academy head and the recruitment method.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography specifically names Donghu Academy and says that he was recruited to lead it.
[13]Hanlin appointmentOn recommendation, Naixian was appointed a Hanlin compiler.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The office record gives the full Hanlin National History Institute compiler title.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The profile and biography identify him as a Hanlin compiler, with the biography specifying appointment on recommendation.
[14]Full Hanlin office titleThe Hanlin office is also styled Compiler of the Hanlin Academy's National History Institute.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The office record gives the complete title 翰林國史院國史編修官.
[15]Military service and deathNaixian went out to take part in Sangge Shili's military affairs and died in that service; no death year is supplied here.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography directly says that he went out to participate in Sangge Shili's military affairs and died.
[16]Poetic ability and circulationNaixian excelled in prose and song poetry, and scholar-officials repeatedly circulated and recited his poems.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographies describe his skill in prose and song poetry and say that scholar-officials passed his poems around and recited them.
[17]WorksNaixian's works include Jintai ji and Haiyun qingxiao ji.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biographies name 《金臺集》 and 《海云清嘯集》 as his works.
[18]Critical description of the poetryThe preface praises the freshness and elegance of his poetry and its warm, finely textured quality; Gong Shitai praises the diction and compares its different forms with earlier poets and the yuefu tradition.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography preserves the assessments of his poetic freshness, warmth, diction, five-character and seven-character verse, and yuefu style.
[19]Balanced and harmonious spiritLi Haowen praised the balanced and harmonious spirit that Naixian possessed as a man from the northwest.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography quotes Li Haowen as praising his distinctive balanced and harmonious spirit as a northwestern man.
[20]Ouyang Yuangong's prefaceJintai ji had a preface by Ouyang Yuangong.
Souyun迺賢 (37680)The biography explicitly says that Ouyang Yuangong wrote a preface to Jintai ji.
[21]Gong Shitai's prefaceGong Shitai wrote a preface for Jintai ji.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entry names Gong Shitai as the author of a Jintai ji preface.
[22]Poems at the end of the collectionYu Ji and Zhang Qiyan contributed poems at the end of Jintai ji.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entry names Zhang Qiyan and Yu Ji as contributors of poems at the end of Jintai ji.
[23]Poetic exchangesNaixian exchanged poems with Zhang Zhu and Wu Sidao.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entries identify Zhang Zhu and Wu Sidao as participants in poetic exchanges with Naixian.
[24]Farewell poems and prefacesNaixian wrote farewell poems or prefaces for Yang Zhu, Baizhu, Dalimashili, Duo'erzhiban, and Tuotuo.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entries name the five recipients and classify the texts as farewell poems or prefaces.
[25]Building inscriptions and postscriptsNaixian composed inscriptions, notes, or names for buildings associated with Xue Yifu, Xie Yaozhang, and Zhang Lu, and wrote postscripts to works by Jie Xisi and Han Wenyu.
CBDBNaixian (35488)The association entries identify three building-related subjects and two works for which he wrote postscripts, together with the relevant action types.