Emperor Taizong of Tang

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

During the Sui–Tang transition, he urged his father to rise against the Sui and helped conquer the realm. In the first year of the Wude era (618), he became Shangshu Ling, and he also held the offices of Taiwei, marshal, and regional commander; he later served as prefect of Yongzhou, Liangzhou, Henan Fu, and Hedong. In 621 he was appointed Tiance Shangjiangjun, and in 625 Zhongshu Ling.[2]

During the Wude era he defeated Xue Rengao, Dou Jiande, and Liu Heita, and subdued separatist powers including Wang Shichong. He was first made Duke of Zhao and then advanced to Prince of Qin.[3]

The date of the Xuanwu Gate Incident is given either as the eighth year of Wude (625) or the ninth (626). In the coup he killed his elder brother Li Jiancheng and younger brother Li Yuanji, was made crown prince, and in August received his father's abdication; his father became Retired Emperor, and he ascended the throne. The following year he adopted the era name Zhenguan.[4]

His first wife was Lady Changsun. His children included Li Chengqian, Li Ke, Li Tai, Li Zhen, and Li Zhi.[5]

Rule

After ascending the throne, he pursued purposeful reform, welcomed remonstrance, reduced luxury and taxes, moderated punishments, and strengthened the military, bringing peace to the empire. With Fang Xuanling, Wei Zheng, Wang Gui, Li Ji, and Li Jing among his ministers, he brought about what later became known as the Zhenguan governance; his rule also helped lay the foundation for the Kaiyuan flourishing. The Tiele and Uyghur peoples honored him as the Heavenly Qaghan.[6]

Writings

He was skilled in literary composition and exchanged poems and prose with Wei Zheng and Fang Xuanling. Works associated with him include *Lingyan ge gongchen zan*, *Tang Taizong ji*, and *Diyuan*; *Kaiyuan wenzi yinyi* (one juan) and *Difan* (four juan) are listed as works he authored, while his collected writings comprised forty juan.[7]

Death and posthumous titles

He reigned for twenty-three years and died of poisoning after taking a “longevity drug”; the date of death is given as 13 July 649. He was posthumously given the name Wen Huangdi, his temple name was Taizong, and he was honored with the posthumous title Wenwu Dasheng Daguang Xiao Huangdi.[8]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 618 元帥 義寧
  2. 618 太尉 武德
  3. 618 尚書令 義寧
  4. 618 州刺史 武德
  5. 618 州總管 武德
  6. 618 縣令 武德
  7. 619 州刺史 武德
  8. 621 天策上將軍 武德
  9. 621 州刺史 武德
  10. 625 中書令 武德
  11. 626 太子 武德
  12. 626 州刺史 武德
  13. 626 皇帝 武德

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
元帥618義寧
太尉618武德
尚書令618義寧
州刺史618626武德雍州
州總管618武德涼州
縣令618武德
州刺史619621武德涼州
天策上將軍621武德
州刺史621626武德河南府
中書令625武德
太子626武德
州刺史626武德河東
皇帝626武德
Year unknown5
OfficeEraPosting
國公義寧Unknown
國公義寧Unknown
國王Era unknownUnknown
諸王Era unknownUnknown
郡公大業Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父李淵(唐高祖)566–635
第一任妻父長孫晟552–609
妾之父徐孝德–660
母竇氏(太穆皇后)569–613
兄李建成588–626
弟李元吉603–626
弟李元景–653
弟李元方–
妻子徐惠627–650
妻子武曌(武則天)624–705
妻子韋氏(唐太宗韋貴妃)–
第一任妻長孫氏(李世民妻)601–636
女兒李氏(汝南公主)–636
女兒李氏(臨川公主)624–682
女兒李麗質621–643
女兒李氏(高陽公主)–
女兒李氏(唐太宗東陽公主)–
女兒李氏(長樂公主)–
女兒李氏(襄城公主)–
女兒李氏(南平公主)–
女兒李氏(遂安公主)–
女兒李氏(豫章公主)–
女兒李氏(比景公主)–
女兒李氏(清河公主)–
女兒李氏(晉安公主)–
女兒李氏(安康公主)–
女兒李氏(新興公主)–
女兒李氏(城陽公主)–
女兒李氏(金山公主)–
女兒李氏(晉陽公主)–
女兒李氏(常山公主)–
女兒李氏(新城公主)–
外甥豆盧遜643–659
子李恪–
子李惲–
子李泰618–652
子李貞625–686
子李慎(纪王)–
子李祐–
子李寬–
子李愔–
子李囂–
子李簡(代王)–
子李福(趙王)–
子李明(曹王)–
女婿劉玄意–
女婿長孫詮–
女婿竇逵–
長子; 第一子李承乾–
季子李明–
八子李惲–
第二任女婿薛曜–
九子李治(唐高宗)628–683
姪孫;從孫李某739–792
孫李賢654–684
孫女婿元思忠648–701
六世孫;昆孫李象古767–819
五女李麗質621–643
五女婿長孫冲–
三女婿王敬直–
曾孫女李仙蕙(永泰公主)685–701
子婦;兒媳武曌(武則天)624–705

AliasesCBDB

  • 太宗 廟號
  • 文武大聖大廣孝皇帝 諡號

StatusCBDB

  • 工於文
  • 政治家
  • 熟諳兵法韜略、軍事家
  • [皇帝]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
李密被李密欣賞/器重–
李元吉被李元吉籌劃謀殺–
李建成被李建成籌劃謀殺–
雲定興為雲定興之部將–
李祐下令處決–
盧祖尚下令處決–
辯機下令處決–
朱粲處決621–
單雄信處決621–
竇建德處決–
李元吉其(或追隨者)殺害李元吉–
李建成其(或追隨者)殺害李建成–
段達戰勝–
徐圓朗戰勝–
薛仁杲戰勝618–
劉黑闥戰勝622–
竇建德戰勝621–
宋金剛戰勝–
阿史那咄苾(頡利可汗)戰勝–
宋老生戰勝–
羅㬋戰勝–
尋相戰勝–
薛舉敗於618–
楊慶接受楊慶之納降–
薛仁杲接受薛仁杲之納降618–
梁洛仁接受梁洛仁之納降–
尉遲敬德接受尉遲敬德之納降–
牟君才接受牟君才之納降–
梁胡郞接受梁胡郞之納降–
尋相接受尋相之納降–
沈悅接受沈悅之納降–
柴紹戰友–
蕭瑀贈詩、文–
魏徵贈詩、文–
房玄齡贈詩、文–
來濟贈詩、文–
阿史那什鉢苾贈詩、文–
柳宗元收到柳宗元的贈詩、文–
蕭瑀收到蕭瑀的贈詩、文–
李淵(唐高祖)收到李淵(唐高祖)的贈詩、文–
權德輿收到權德輿的贈詩、文–
許敬宗收到許敬宗的贈詩、文–
李隆基(唐玄宗)收到李隆基(唐玄宗)的贈詩、文–
虞世南收到虞世南的贈詩、文–
杜淹收到杜淹的贈詩、文–
褚亮收到褚亮的贈詩、文–
褚遂良收到褚遂良的贈詩、文–
長孫無忌收到長孫無忌的贈詩、文–
楊師道收到楊師道的贈詩、文–
岑文本收到岑文本的贈詩、文–
李神通收到李神通的贈詩、文–
顏師古收到顏師古的贈詩、文–
上官儀收到上官儀的贈詩、文–
杜正倫收到杜正倫的贈詩、文–
李義府收到李義府的贈詩、文–
李百藥收到李百藥的贈詩、文–
楊希道收到楊希道的贈詩、文–
陳叔達收到陳叔達的贈詩、文–
鄭仁軌收到鄭仁軌的贈詩、文–
釋道恭收到釋道恭的贈詩、文–
劉洎收到劉洎的贈詩、文–
袁朗收到袁朗的贈詩、文–
高士廉收到高士廉的贈詩、文–
朱子奢收到朱子奢的贈詩、文–
徐惠收到徐惠的贈詩、文–
薛眘惑收到薛眘惑的贈詩、文–
劉子翼收到劉子翼的贈詩、文–
蕭瑀下屬為蕭瑀–
張公謹下屬為張公謹–
劉德威下屬為劉德威–
房玄齡下屬為房玄齡–
段志玄下屬為段志玄–
虞世南下屬為虞世南–
李勣下屬為李勣–
杜淹下屬為杜淹–
長孫無忌下屬為長孫無忌–
李靖下屬為李靖–
裴寂下屬為裴寂–
顏師古下屬為顏師古–
王珪下屬為王珪–
杜正倫下屬為杜正倫–
李百藥下屬為李百藥–
閻立本下屬為閻立本–
裴矩下屬為裴矩–
柴紹下屬為柴紹–
屈突通下屬為屈突通–
張士貴下屬為張士貴–
唐儉下屬為唐儉–
程知節下屬為程知節–
秦叔寶下屬為秦叔寶–
高士廉下屬為高士廉–
安興貴下屬為安興貴–
竇軌下屬為竇軌–
宇文士及下屬為宇文士及–
温彥博下屬為温彥博–
侯君集下屬為侯君集–
宇文歆下屬為宇文歆–
劉弘基下屬為劉弘基–
劉義節下屬為劉義節–
史萬寶下屬為史萬寶–

Showing the first 100 of 114 records; the interactive page loads the full list.

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
前帝遜位

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
凌煙閣功臣贊
唐太宗集
帝苑
開元文字音義一卷撰著者
帝範四卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and dates This opening combines the name, dates, Tang identity, reign, family, native place, ancestral home, and temple name; it preserves the differing birth years of 598 and 599.
    • CBDBLi Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) (13060)The underlying values identify Li Shimin as a Tang figure born in 598 and deceased in 649, show his imperial office beginning in 626, and give Taizong as his temple name, Li Yuan and Lady Dou as his parents, and Chang'an and Chengji as his native and ancestral places.
    • Souyun李世民 (13897)The biographical entries give 599–649 as an alternative lifespan, call him Gaozu's second son, and describe his accession, temple name, and imperial status.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李世民 (A002414)The authority entry names him Li Shimin, dates his birth to 598 and his death to 649, lists Taizong as an alias, and identifies him as the second Tang emperor and Gaozu's second son.
    • WikidataEmperor Taizong of Tang (Q9701)The item labels him Emperor Taizong of Tang and describes him as the second emperor of the Tang dynasty, reigning from 626 to 649.
  2. [2] Rise and offices This passage covers his appeal to his father during the Sui–Tang transition, his first-year Wude appointment as Shangshu Ling, subsequent military and regional offices, and the dated appointments of Tiance Shangjiangjun and Zhongshu Ling.
    • CBDBLi Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) (13060)The office values list Shangshu Ling, Taiwei, marshal, and zhou zongguan in 618, prefectures including Yongzhou, Liangzhou, Henan Fu, and Hedong, and appointments as Tiance Shangjiangjun in 621 and Zhongshu Ling in 625.
    • Souyun李世民 (13897)The biographical entry says that he urged his father to rise against the Sui and became Shangshu Ling in the first year of Wude.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李世民 (A002414)The authority note places his appeal to Gaozu in the disorder at the end of the Sui.
  3. [3] Campaigns and titles This passage records his victories during Wude and the progression from Duke of Zhao to Prince of Qin.
    • CBDBLi Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) (13060)The association values identify Xue Rengao, Dou Jiande, and Liu Heita as opponents marked as defeated; the Xue Rengao entry also preserves the statement that the Qin Prince defeated and received his surrender.
    • Souyun李世民 (13897)The biographical entries list the campaigns against Dou Jiande, Liu Heita, Xue Rengao, and Wang Shichong, and state that he was first Duke of Zhao and then Prince of Qin.
  4. [4] Xuanwu Gate and accession This passage preserves the chronological disagreement between the eighth and ninth years of Wude and recounts the killing of the two brothers, his elevation to crown prince, the abdication, the retired emperor, and the Zhenguan era name.
    • CBDBLi Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) (13060)The values name Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, mark the crown-prince office as beginning in 626, and preserve the associated murder and killing relations.
    • Souyun李世民 (13897)The biographical entries place the Xuanwu Gate Incident in the ninth year of Wude, then describe his elevation to crown prince, August accession, his father's status as Retired Emperor, and the following year's adoption of Zhenguan.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李世民 (A002414)The authority note instead gives the eighth year of Wude (625), with the Xuanwu Gate killing in the sixth month and accession in August, creating the stated chronological disagreement.
    • WikidataEmperor Taizong of Tang (Q9701)The English description dates his reign to 626–649, supporting the 626 chronology for his accession.
  5. [5] Marriage and children This passage identifies his first wife and several children listed under the corresponding kinship relations.
  6. [6] Zhenguan governance and external standing This passage combines remonstrance, fiscal and penal measures, military organization, the named ministers associated with the Zhenguan governance, the foundation for Kaiyuan, and the Heavenly Qaghan title.
    • CBDBLi Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) (13060)The status and association values classify him as a political and military figure and connect him with Fang Xuanling, Wei Zheng, Wang Gui, Li Ji, and Li Jing.
    • Souyun李世民 (13897)The biographical entry describes his acceptance of remonstrance, reduction of luxury and taxes, lenient punishments, military strengthening, peace within the realm, the Zhenguan governance, external prestige, and the Heavenly Qaghan title.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李世民 (A002414)The authority note names Fang Xuanling, Wei Zheng, Wang Gui, Li Ji, and Li Jing as able ministers who created the Zhenguan governance and helped establish the foundation of the Kaiyuan flourishing.
    • WikidataEmperor Taizong of Tang (Q9701)The item description associates him with political and military distinction and the Zhenguan governance, while its aliases include the Heavenly Qaghan title.
  7. [7] Literary work and writings This passage describes his literary ability, poetic and prose exchanges, associated titles, works listed under his authorship, and the stated length of his collected writings.
    • CBDBLi Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) (13060)The values describe him as skilled in writing, record poem and prose relations with Wei Zheng and Fang Xuanling, list five titles, and mark Kaiyuan wenzi yinyi and Difan as works authored by him.
    • Souyun李世民 (13897)The biographical entry lists the posthumous and temple titles and states that his collected writings comprised forty juan.
  8. [8] Death and posthumous titles This passage gives the length of his reign, death after taking a longevity drug, the precise death date, and his posthumous and temple titles.
    • Souyun李世民 (13897)The biographical entries state that he ruled for twenty-three years, died from taking a longevity drug, and received the posthumous name Wen Huangdi, temple name Taizong, and the longer posthumous title Wenwu Dasheng Daguang Xiao Huangdi.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李世民 (A002414)The authority entry gives the death date as +0649-07-13 and lists Wenwu Dasheng Daguang Xiao Huangdi as an alias.
    • CBDBLi Shimin (Emperor Taizong of Tang) (13060)The values confirm the death year 649 and identify Taizong as the temple name and Wenwu Dasheng Daguang Xiao Huangdi as the posthumous title.
    • WikidataEmperor Taizong of Tang (Q9701)The aliases include Taizong and Wenwu Dasheng Daguang Xiao Huangdi.