Zhang Yong

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公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life and office

In 980, he passed the jinshi examination and was appointed Dali pingshi and magistrate of Chongyang County in Ezhou; in 984 he became zhuzuo zuolang, in 988 mishu cheng, and the following year assistant prefect of Xiangzhou. After being recalled, he became magistrate of Junyi County in Kaifeng Prefecture and, in the early Chunhua era, Circuit Transport Commissioner for Jinghu North.[2]

In 993, he was promoted to Privy Council Academician, placed in charge of the Tongjin Yintai Office and the Three Classes Court; the following year he went out as prefect of Yizhou.[3] In the first year of Xianping (998), he was recalled and appointed jishizhong, then the Household Revenue Commissioner and Censor-in-chief; in 999 he went out as Vice Minister of Works and prefect of Hangzhou, in 1002 became prefect of Yongxing Commandery, and in 1003 was made Vice Minister of Justice and again prefect of Yizhou.[4] In 1006 he resumed direction of the Three Classes Court and adjudication of the Dengwen Examination Court; in 1007 he became prefect of Shengzhou. In 1010 he was appointed Minister of Works and later that autumn Minister of Rites, and in 1012 he was transferred to the prefecture of Chenzhou. His other appointments included Left remonstrance grand master, Gentleman of the Court of Works, and Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs.[5]

After rising to Minister of Rites, he submitted memorials fiercely criticizing Ding Wei and Wang Qinruo for their large-scale construction projects, arguing that they had emptied the state treasury and urging that both men be executed to answer the realm; he was soon pushed aside and sent out as prefect of Chenzhou.[6] He died on the first day of the eighth month in 1015, aged seventy; he was posthumously granted the title Zuopuye and named Zhongding. His father was Zhang Jing and his younger brother Zhang Shen; his second wife's father was Wang Xian, and he had one son, Zhang Congzhi, a son-in-law, Wang Jiayou, and a grandson, Zhang Shen.[7]

Governance and associations

During his tenure as prefect of Yizhou, Zhang Yong participated in suppressing Li Shun's uprising and adopted conciliatory policies toward the people of Shu, combining leniency with severity; the people both feared and loved him. He governed Yizhou twice, in 994 and 1003, and was noted for his administrative achievements.[8] While serving as a prefect, he urged Li Tian, a Shu scholar reluctant to enter official service, to sit for the examination; Li Tian consequently passed the jinshi examination in the third year of Chunhua and was later appointed registrar of Hengning.[9]

In his youth he was a fellow student of Fu Lin; Fu Lin lived in retirement, while Zhang Yong went on to prominence. He was closest to Kou Zhun and repeatedly reproved Kou Zhun to his face, without changing his manner even after Kou Zhun became eminent. Zhang Yong exchanged reply letters with Wang Sizong and Yang Yi, and wrote inscriptions, records, or names for buildings associated with Liang Zhouhan. He described himself as upright and uncompromising, governed with severity, and favored impassioned grandiloquence.[10]

Poetry and writings

Zhang Yong excelled in shi poetry and fu, and his prose was vigorous and strong in spirit, qualities said to match his character. His collected works included 《張乖崖集》, traditionally in ten fascicles and expanded to twelve during the Southern Song; related titles included 《乖崖先生文集》, 《張乖崖事文錄》, 《乖崖集存》, 《乖崖詩鈔》, 《乖崖詩集》, and 《乖崖集》. An edited poetry collection also gathered five poems from outside the main collection and appended them at the end.[11]

While serving as Circuit Transport Commissioner for Jinghu North, he visited the Yellow Crane Tower to admire the view and compose poetry; returning from Chengdu and passing through Wuchang, he visited it again and wrote the seven-character regulated poem 《登黃鶴樓》. Later generations built the Guaiya Pavilion at the place where he had composed poetry on the tower. Texts related to Zhang Yong's life included Qian Yi's epitaph, Han Qi's spirit-way inscription, Li Tao's 《湖北漕司乖崖堂記》, and Song Qi's account of his life.[12]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 990 轉運使
  2. 994 尚書省工部虞部司郎中
  3. 994 樞密直學士
  4. 994 知某州軍州事
  5. 998 左諫議大夫
  6. 1002 尚書省工部侍郎
  7. 1002 知某府軍府事
  8. 1003 刑部侍郎
  9. 1003 知某州軍州事
  10. 1007 知某州軍州事
  11. 1007 騎都尉
  12. 1010 尚書省工部尚書
  13. 1010 尚書省左丞

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
轉運使990992Era unknown荊湖北路
尚書省工部虞部司郎中994Era unknown
樞密直學士994Era unknown
知某州軍州事994998Era unknown益州
左諫議大夫998Era unknown
尚書省工部侍郎1002Era unknown
知某府軍府事10021003Era unknown京兆府
刑部侍郎1003Era unknown
知某州軍州事10031006Era unknown益州
知某州軍州事10071012Era unknown昇州
騎都尉1007Era unknown
尚書省工部尚書1010Era unknown
尚書省左丞1010Era unknown
Year unknown6
OfficeEraPosting
卿Era unknownUnknown
安撫使Era unknown江南
封駁司Era unknownUnknown
知某州軍州事Era unknown陳州
知某府軍府事Era unknown陝西路
轉運使司Era unknown荊湖北路

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父張景–
第二任妻父王顯932–1007
弟張詵–
女婿王嘉祐–
獨子張從質–
孫張紳–

AliasesCBDB

  • 乖崖子 室名、別號
  • 復之 字
  • 忠定 諡號

StatusCBDB

  • [財政官員]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
寇準友–
李畋欣賞/器重–
孫知微欣賞/器重–
古成之辟–
錢易墓誌銘由錢易所作–
韓琦墓誌銘由韓琦所作1010–
宋祁墓誌銘由宋祁所作1010–
上官A為上官A作墓誌銘1010–
王安石書跋由王安石所作–
陳襄書跋由陳襄所作–
范度相識1010–
張白詩社成員–
傅霖同學、同門–
王稱傳記作者為王稱–
田錫為田錫作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1010–
趙況為趙況作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
張及為張及作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
韓丕為韓丕作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
王禹偁臨別得到王禹偁所作贈言(送別詩、序)1010–
劉敞諡議由劉敞所作–
林特同僚–
韓琦神道碑由韓琦所作–
李燾墓表序由李燾所作–
項安世墓表序由項安世所作–
宋祁行狀由宋祁所作–
王惲畫贊(畫像記)由王惲所作–
寇準致書寇準–
王濟致書王濟–
趙況致書趙況–
盧多遜致書盧多遜–
張及致書張及–
蘇德祥致書蘇德祥–
王嗣宗答王嗣宗書–
楊億答楊億書–
楊億答楊億書–
陸游收到陸游的贈詩、文1172–
梁周翰為梁周翰之建築物題詠、記、命名–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
乖崖先生文集
張乖崖事文錄
乖崖集存
乖崖詩鈔
乖崖詩集
乖崖集:十卷

Citations

  1. [1] Identity, names, and native place The opening identifies Zhang Yong, his dates, Northern Song identity, courtesy name, styles, posthumous name, and native place; the self-admonitory explanation belongs to the Guaiyazi style.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The basic entry supplies the name, life dates, Song affiliation, official status, Fuzhi, Guaiyazi, Zhongding, and Juancheng.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The profile and biographical texts provide the Northern Song identity, all listed styles, the Puzhou Juancheng native place, the poet status, and the self-admonitory explanation.
    • WikidataZhang Yong (Q11069075)The English label, date claims, aliases, and name claims corroborate the identity, life dates, Fuzhi, Guaiyazi, and Zhongding.
  2. [2] Early career Zhang Yong passed the jinshi examination in 980, held the early offices listed in sequence, and after recall became magistrate of Junyi and Transport Commissioner for Jinghu North.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The chronological biographies give the 980 examination, the early offices, the recall, Junyi, and Jinghu North appointments.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The examination entry confirms the jinshi degree, while the office entries confirm the Jinghu North transport post and its 990–992 tenure.
  3. [3] Chunhua and Yizhou The narrative dates the Privy Council promotion to 993 and the subsequent Yizhou appointment, while the office data gives 994 as the Privy Council starting year; both datings are retained.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The biographical texts place the promotion to Privy Council Academician and supervision of the Tongjin Yintai and Three Classes offices in 993, followed by the Yizhou appointment.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The office entries confirm the two posts, place the Privy Council start in 994, and give the Yizhou tenure as 994–998.
  4. [4] Xianping career During Xianping, Zhang Yong held the central and prefectural offices listed from jishizhong through a second Yizhou appointment.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The chronological biography gives the Xianping summons, promotions, and the Hangzhou, Yongxing, and Yizhou appointments.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The office entries additionally confirm the Vice Minister of Works and Vice Minister of Justice posts.
  5. [5] Later appointments Zhang Yong resumed the central court offices in 1006, served at Shengzhou, became Ministers of Works and Rites, and ended his active career at Chenzhou; other listed titles are included as well.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The biographical texts list the 1006 court appointments, 1007 Shengzhou appointment, 1010 ministerial promotions, and 1012 Chenzhou transfer.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The office entries confirm the Minister of Works, Shengzhou, Chenzhou, Left remonstrance grand master, Gentleman of the Court of Works, and Left Vice Director titles.
  6. [6] Memorials After becoming Minister of Rites, Zhang Yong attacked the construction projects of Ding Wei and Wang Qinruo, urged their execution, and was sent out to Chenzhou.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The biographical entry describes the memorial against Ding Wei and Wang Qinruo, the depleted treasury, the request for execution, and the subsequent removal to Chenzhou.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The office entry independently confirms the Chenzhou prefecture appointment.
  7. [7] Death and family Zhang Yong died in 1015 at age seventy, received the posthumous honors Zuopuye and Zhongding, and his listed family relationships are given in the same account.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The biographical texts give the eighth-year death at age seventy, with one specifying the first day of the eighth month and the grant of Zuopuye.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The basic and kinship entries confirm the death year, Zhongding, and the named father, second wife's father, younger brother, son-in-law, only son, and grandson.
    • WikidataZhang Yong (Q11069075)The death-date claim corroborates the 1015 death year.
  8. [8] Yizhou administration Zhang Yong suppressed Li Shun's uprising, adopted conciliatory policies toward Shu, combined leniency with severity, and was feared and loved; his two Yizhou terms were noted for achievements.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The biographical texts describe the uprising, conciliatory policy, combination of leniency and severity, and the two Yizhou appointments known for achievements.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The association and office entries corroborate the people's response and the 994–998 and 1003–1006 Yizhou tenures.
  9. [9] Li Tian Zhang Yong urged Li Tian, a Shu scholar reluctant to enter official service, to sit for the examination; Li Tian passed in Chunhua 3 and later became registrar of Hengning.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The association entry says that Zhang Yong encouraged Li Tian to take the examination and gives Li Tian's Chunhua 3 jinshi success and later appointment.
  10. [10] Associations and character The paragraph records Zhang Yong's early fellowship with Fu Lin, his frank friendship with Kou Zhun, correspondence with Wang Sizong and Yang Yi, inscriptions for Liang Zhouhan's buildings, and his severe, uncompromising style.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The association entries support Fu Lin's fellowship and retirement, the Kou Zhun friendship and frank reproof, reply letters with Wang Sizong and Yang Yi, and inscriptions or naming for Liang Zhouhan's buildings.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The biographical texts describe his close friendship with Kou Zhun and his upright, severe, and impassioned character.
  11. [11] Poetry and collected works Zhang Yong excelled in shi poetry and fu; his prose was vigorous and matched his character. His collection had ten fascicles, was expanded to twelve in the Southern Song, and circulated under several related titles; five outside poems were appended.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The texts praise his poetry, fu, and prose; describe the ten- to twelve-fascicle collection and related edition; and mention the five poems gathered from outside the collection.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The title entries list the related prose and poetry collection names and the ten-fascicle 《乖崖集》.
  12. [12] Yellow Crane Tower and later texts Zhang Yong composed poetry at the Yellow Crane Tower during his Jinghu North appointment, revisited it while returning from Chengdu, and was commemorated by the Guaiya Pavilion; later texts about his life include the named epitaphs, inscription, and account.
    • Souyun張詠 (25431)The texts give the two Yellow Crane Tower visits, the poem 《登黃鶴樓》, the Guaiya Pavilion, and the later biographical writings.
    • CBDBZhang Yong (332)The association entries identify the epitaph, spirit-way inscription, Li Tao text, and Song Qi account associated with Zhang Yong.